The prevalence of obesity among school-aged children and youth aged 6-18 years in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis study

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Abstract

BACKGROUND

Obesity is considered as a major health problem of children and adolescents. The present meta-analysis was conducted by extensive search of studies on the prevalence of obesity among school-aged children and youth aged 6-18 years in Iran.

METHODS

All conducted cross-sectional studies on the prevalence of obesity in Iranian students in all grades were extracted, without applying any restriction on time in national and international databases including Magiran, Iranmedex, SID, Scopus, Google Scholar, and PubMed. Statistical software Stata 12 was used to analyze the data and to obtain the prevalence of obesity among Iranian students. The heterogeneity between the results was determined using statistical test I2.

RESULTS

In this meta-analysis, 51 papers met our inclusion criteria and were therefore considered for the analysis. The prevalence of obesity was equal to 5.82% [95% confidence interval (CI): 5-6.66] in Iranian students. The prevalence of obesity was higher in boys than in girls (6.85% compared to 5.13%) (P = 0.300). The highest prevalence of obesity was related to students living in the North and Northwest areas with 7.07% (95% CI: 4.35-9.78).

CONCLUSION

The prevalence of obesity among Iranian students is not high when compared to Western countries. However, due to lifestyle changes in recent years, it is necessary to plan intervention programs within families and schools to improve dietary patterns and physical activity of this age group.

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Most cited references 60

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Prevalence and trends of overweight among preschool children in developing countries.

M Blössner, José L Maza (2000)

Obesity during childhood is a matter of growing concern. Several reports show increasing rates of obesity in developed countries, whereas the extent of the problem in developing countries remains unknown. The aim of this study was to fill this gap by quantifying the prevalence and trends of overweight among preschool children in developing countries. One hundred sixty nationally representative cross-sectional surveys from 94 countries were analyzed in a standardized way to allow comparisons across countries and over time. Overweight was defined as a weight-for-height >2 SDs from the National Center for Health Statistics/World Health Organization international reference median. Prevalences of wasted children (< -2 SDs) are also presented to enable comparisons between both ends of the distribution. The global prevalence of overweight was 3.3%. Some countries and regions, however, had considerably higher rates, and overweight was shown to increase in 16 of 38 countries with trend data. Countries with the highest prevalences of overweight are located mainly in the Middle East, North Africa, and Latin America. Rates of wasting were generally higher than those of overweight; Africa and Asia had wasting rates 2.5-3.5 times higher than overweight rates. Countries with high wasting rates tended to have low overweight rates and vice versa. These estimates show that attention should be paid to monitoring levels and trends of overweight in children. This, however, should not be done at the expense of decreasing international commitments to alleviating undernutrition. The data presented confirm that undernutrition remains a major public health problem worldwide.

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Obesity and associated modifiable environmental factors in Iranian adolescents: Isfahan Healthy Heart Program - Heart Health Promotion from Childhood.

Roya Kelishadi, N Sarraf-Zadigan, M Abdolah Pour … (2003)

To evaluate the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Iranian adolescents and their relationship with modifiable environmental factors. The subjects of the present study were 1000 girls and 1000 boys, aged between 11 and 18 years selected by multistage random sampling, their parents (n = 2000) and their school staff (n = 500 subjects) in urban and rural areas of two provinces in Iran. Data concerning body mass index (BMI), nutrition and the physical activity of the subjects were analyzed by SPSSV10/Win software. The prevalence of 85th percentile 95th percentile in girls was significantly higher than boys (10.7 +/- 1.1 and 2.9 +/- 0.1%vs 7.4 +/- 0.9 and 1.9 +/- 0.1%, respectively; P 85th percentile was more prevalent in families with an average income than in high-income families (9.3 +/- 1.7 vs 7.2 +/- 1.4%, respectively; P 0.05), but the percentage of energy derived from carbo-hydrates was significantly higher in the former group compared with the latter (69.4 vs 63.2%, respectively; P < 0.05). Regular extracurricular sports activities were significantly lower and the time spent watching tele-vision was significantly higher in overweight or obese than non-obese subjects (time spent watching telelvision: 300 +/- 20 vs 240 +/- 30 min/day, P < 0.05). A significant linear association was shown between the frequency of consumption of rice, bread, pasta, fast foods and fat/salty snacks and BMI (beta = 0.05-0.06; P < 0.05). A significant correlation was shown between BMI percentiles and serum triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and systolic blood pressure (Pearson's r = 0.38, -0.32 and 0.47, respectively). Enhanced efforts to prevent and control overweight from childhood is a critical national priority, even in developing countries. To be successful, social, cultural and economic influences should be considered.

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Prevalence of Obesity in Children and Adolescents in Brazil: A Meta-analysis of Cross-sectional Studies.

Ana Maria Aiello, Altacílio Aparecido Nunes, Anderson Soares da Silva … (2015)

Obesity in children/adolescents is a major public health problem worldwide. In Brazil there is great variability in published data on the prevalence of obesity among children/adolescents.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): ARYA Atheroscler

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): ARYA Atheroscler

Journal ID (publisher-id): ARYA

Title: ARYA Atherosclerosis

Publisher: Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences

ISSN (Print): 1735-3955

ISSN (Electronic): 2251-6638

Publication date (Print): January 2017

Volume: 13

Issue: 1

Pages: 35-43

Affiliations

[1 ]PhD Candidate, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran

[2 ]PhD Candidate, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan AND Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

[3 ]Deputy of Health, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran

[4 ]Assistant Professor, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran

[5 ]Professor, Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

[6 ]PhD Candidate, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

[7 ]Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran

[8 ]Department of Health Education, School of Public Health, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran

[9 ]Professor, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

Author notes

Correspondence to: Behzad Gholamaliee, Email: bhzdgholami80@ 123456yahoo.com

Article

Publisher ID: ARYA-13-035

PMC ID: 5515189

PubMed ID: 28761453

SO-VID: 6df797e5-859e-4aa9-80ac-20a706155595

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License which allows users to read, copy, distribute and make derivative works for non-commercial purposes from the material, as long as the author of the original work is cited properly.

The prevalence of obesity among school-aged children and youth aged 6-18 years in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis study

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Abstract

BACKGROUND

METHODS

RESULTS

CONCLUSION

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Most cited references 60

Prevalence and trends of overweight among preschool children in developing countries.

Obesity and associated modifiable environmental factors in Iranian adolescents: Isfahan Healthy Heart Program - Heart Health Promotion from Childhood.

Prevalence of Obesity in Children and Adolescents in Brazil: A Meta-analysis of Cross-sectional Studies.

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