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      THE CONTRIBUTION OFFERMI-2LAC BLAZARS TO DIFFUSE TEV–PEV NEUTRINO FLUX

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      The Astrophysical Journal
      American Astronomical Society
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          Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis

          A critical review is given of the current status of cosmological nucleosynthesis. In the framework of the Standard Model with 3 types of relativistic neutrinos, the baryon-to-photon ratio, \(\eta\), corresponding to the inferred primordial abundances of deuterium and helium-4 is consistent with the independent determination of \(\eta\) from observations of anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background. However the primordial abundance of lithium-7 inferred from observations is significantly below its expected value. Taking systematic uncertainties in the abundance estimates into account, there is overall concordance in the range \(\eta = (5.7-6.7)\times 10^{-10}\) at 95% CL (corresponding to a cosmological baryon density \(\Omega_B h^2 = 0.021 - 0.025\)). The D and He-4 abundances, when combined with the CMB determination of \(\eta\), provide the bound \(N_\nu=3.28 \pm 0.28\) on the effective number of neutrino species. Other constraints on new physics are discussed briefly.
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            Evidence for High-Energy Extraterrestrial Neutrinos at the IceCube Detector

            We report on results of an all-sky search for high-energy neutrino events interacting within the IceCube neutrino detector conducted between May 2010 and May 2012. The search follows up on the previous detection of two PeV neutrino events, with improved sensitivity and extended energy coverage down to approximately 30 TeV. Twenty-six additional events were observed, substantially more than expected from atmospheric backgrounds. Combined, both searches reject a purely atmospheric origin for the twenty-eight events at the \(4\sigma\) level. These twenty-eight events, which include the highest energy neutrinos ever observed, have flavors, directions, and energies inconsistent with those expected from the atmospheric muon and neutrino backgrounds. These properties are, however, consistent with generic predictions for an additional component of extraterrestrial origin.
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              High-energy neutrinos from active galactic nuclei

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                The Astrophysical Journal
                ApJ
                American Astronomical Society
                1538-4357
                January 20 2017
                January 17 2017
                : 835
                : 1
                : 45
                Article
                10.3847/1538-4357/835/1/45
                6dfa1be0-65f4-47f6-9d73-eda29c4968a0
                © 2017

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