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      Kein Zusammenhang zwischen Grad der Elaboration und Ausmaß des Rückschaufehlers

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          Abstract

          Zusammenfassung. Der Rückschaufehler besteht darin, daß vorher abgegebene Schätzungen auf schwierige Wissensfragen nach Bekanntgabe der Lösung als zu gut erinnert werden. Bisherige Studien deuteten an, daß eine tiefere Elaborierung der Schätzung den Rückschaufehler verkleinern, eine tiefere Elaborierung der Lösung dagegen den Rückschaufehler vergrößern können. Um diese Beobachtungen zu replizieren und um ihre Wechselwirkung zu erfassen, wurden beide Manipulationen im selben Experiment vorgenommen. Zusätzlich wurde nicht nur die Erinnerung an die eigenen Schätzungen, sondern auch die an die Lösungen erfaßt. Entgegen den Erwartungen wirkte sich die Elaboration der Schätzung nur auf die Anzahl korrekt erinnerter Schätzungen, nicht aber auf die Höhe des Rückschaufehlers bei falsch erinnerten Schätzungen aus. Die Elaboration der Lösung spielte hier keine Rolle. Sie wirkte sich allerdings auf die Anzahl korrekt erinnerter Lösungen aus. Diese Befunde werden im Rahmen eines detaillierten kognitiven Prozeßmodells (SARA) diskutiert.

          No relation between depth of elaboration and amount of hindsight bias

          Abstract. The phenomenon by which previously generated estimates as answers to difficult knowledge questions are recalled as being too good after presentation of the solutions is known as hindsight bias. Some studies suggested that a deeper elaboration of the estimate may decrease hindsight bias, while a deeper elaboration of the solution may increase it. In order to replicate these findings and to determine their interaction, both types of elaboration were manipulated in the same experiment. Additionally, we tested not only the memory of subjects' own estimates, but also their memory of the solutions. Contrary to expectations, however, we found that the elaboration of the estimates only increased the number of correctly recalled estimates, but did not decrease the amount of hindsight bias associated with incorrectly recalled estimates. The elaboration of the solutions had no effect except that it increased the number of correctly recalled solutions. These findings are discussed within the framework of a detailed cognitive process model (SARA).

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          Most cited references28

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          A new look at anchoring effects: basic anchoring and its antecedents.

          In previous anchoring studies people were asked to consider an anchor as a possible answer to the target question or were given informative anchors. The authors predicted that basic anchoring effects can occur, whereby uninformative numerical anchors influence a judgment even when people are not asked to compare this number to the target value. Five studies supported these hypotheses: Basic anchoring occurs if people pay sufficient attention to the anchor value; knowledgeable people are less susceptible to basic anchoring effects; anchoring appears to operate unintentionally and nonconsciously in that it is difficult to avoid even when people are forewarned. The possible mechanisms of basic anchoring and the relation between these mechanisms and other processes of judgment and correction are discussed.
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            Judgment Under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases: (301492005-001)

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              Explaining the enigmatic anchoring effect: Mechanisms of selective accessibility

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                zea
                Experimental Psychology
                Hogrefe Publishing
                1618-3169
                Oktober 1999
                : 46
                : 4
                : 275-287
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] Justus-Liebig-Universiät Gießen
                [ 2 ] Katholische Universität Eichstätt
                Author notes
                PD Dr. Pohl Rüdiger, FB 06 - Psychologie, Justus-Liebig-Universiät, Otto-Behaghel-Str. 10, D-35394 Gießen, 0641-99-2 61 05, 0641-99-2 61 19, ruediger.pohl@ 123456psychol.uni-giessen.de
                Article
                zea4604275
                10.1026//0949-3964.46.4.275
                6e09a5b8-e1d9-4d09-8395-95260cc437fa
                Copyright @ 1999
                History
                Categories
                Originalia

                Psychology,General behavioral science
                Elaboration,Rückschaufehler,memory,Gedächtnis,hindsight bias,Erinnerung,recall,elaboration

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