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      Call for Papers: Digital Diagnostic Techniques

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      About Pathobiology: 3.5 Impact Factor I 8.5 CiteScore I 1.088 Scimago Journal & Country Rank (SJR)

      Call for Papers: Supportive Care - Essential for Modern Oncology

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      Lung Adenocarcinoma Size Decrease after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination during Long-Term Pembrolizumab Treatment: A Case Report

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          Abstract

          A man in his late 40s was diagnosed with clinical stage 4B lung adenocarcinoma with a PD-L1 tumor proportion score of 100% and high tumor mutational burden. A partial response was achieved after administration of pembrolizumab. The patient received two doses of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (BNT162b2) after 59 courses, and a chest computed tomography revealed consolidation in the peri-tumoral area, which subsequently disappeared, and the tumor continued to shrink in the next 4 months. This case provides indirect evidence for the persistence of cancer immunity during long-term treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors and the potential for further activation.

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          Cancer immunology. Mutational landscape determines sensitivity to PD-1 blockade in non-small cell lung cancer.

          Naiyer A Rizvi, Matthew Hellmann, Alexandra Snyder … (2015)
          Immune checkpoint inhibitors, which unleash a patient's own T cells to kill tumors, are revolutionizing cancer treatment. To unravel the genomic determinants of response to this therapy, we used whole-exome sequencing of non-small cell lung cancers treated with pembrolizumab, an antibody targeting programmed cell death-1 (PD-1). In two independent cohorts, higher nonsynonymous mutation burden in tumors was associated with improved objective response, durable clinical benefit, and progression-free survival. Efficacy also correlated with the molecular smoking signature, higher neoantigen burden, and DNA repair pathway mutations; each factor was also associated with mutation burden. In one responder, neoantigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses paralleled tumor regression, suggesting that anti-PD-1 therapy enhances neoantigen-specific T cell reactivity. Our results suggest that the genomic landscape of lung cancers shapes response to anti-PD-1 therapy. Copyright © 2015, American Association for the Advancement of Science.
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            Five-Year Outcomes With Pembrolizumab Versus Chemotherapy for Metastatic Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer With PD-L1 Tumor Proportion Score ≥ 50%

            Martin Reck, Delvys Rodriguez-Abreu, Andrew G Robinson … (2021)
            PURPOSE We report the first 5-year follow-up of any first-line phase III immunotherapy trial for non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). KEYNOTE-024 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02142738) is an open-label, randomized controlled trial of pembrolizumab compared with platinum-based chemotherapy in patients with previously untreated NSCLC with a programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) tumor proportion score of at least 50% and no sensitizing EGFR or ALK alterations. Previous analyses showed pembrolizumab significantly improved progression-free survival and overall survival (OS). METHODS Eligible patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to pembrolizumab (200 mg once every 3 weeks for up to 35 cycles) or platinum-based chemotherapy. Patients in the chemotherapy group with progressive disease could cross over to pembrolizumab. The primary end point was progression-free survival; OS was a secondary end point. RESULTS Three hundred five patients were randomly assigned: 154 to pembrolizumab and 151 to chemotherapy. Median (range) time from randomization to data cutoff (June 1, 2020) was 59.9 (55.1-68.4) months. Among patients initially assigned to chemotherapy, 99 received subsequent anti–PD-1 or PD-L1 therapy, representing a 66.0% effective crossover rate. Median OS was 26.3 months (95% CI, 18.3 to 40.4) for pembrolizumab and 13.4 months (9.4-18.3) for chemotherapy (hazard ratio, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.48 to 0.81). Kaplan-Meier estimates of the 5-year OS rate were 31.9% for the pembrolizumab group and 16.3% for the chemotherapy group. Thirty-nine patients received 35 cycles (ie, approximately 2 years) of pembrolizumab, 82.1% of whom were still alive at data cutoff (approximately 5 years). Toxicity did not increase with longer treatment exposure. CONCLUSION Pembrolizumab provides a durable, clinically meaningful long-term OS benefit versus chemotherapy as first-line therapy for metastatic NSCLC with PD-L1 tumor proportion score of at least 50%.
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              SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccines: Immunological Mechanism and Beyond

              Emily Bettini, Michela Locci (2021)
              To successfully protect against pathogen infection, a vaccine must elicit efficient adaptive immunity, including B and T cell responses. While B cell responses are key, as they can mediate antibody-dependent protection, T cells can modulate B cell activity and directly contribute to the elimination of pathogen-infected cells. In the unprecedented race to develop an effective vaccine for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the respiratory disease coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines have emerged as front runners thanks to their capacity for rapid development and ability to drive potent adaptive immune responses. In this review article, we provide an overview of the results from pre-clinical studies in animal models as well as clinical studies in humans that assessed the efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines, with a primary focus on adaptive immune responses post vaccination.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Case Rep Oncol
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Case Rep Oncol
                Journal ID (hwp): CRO
                Journal ID (publisher-id): CRO
                Title: Case Reports in Oncology
                Publisher: S. Karger AG (Basel, Switzerland )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1662-6575
                Publication date (Electronic): 13 September 2023
                Publication date Collection: Jan-Dec 2023
                Publication date PMC-release: 13 September 2023
                Volume: 16
                Issue: 1
                Pages: 907-911
                Affiliations
                [a ]Department of Respiratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
                [b ]Next-Generation Precision Medicine Development Laboratory, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
                Author notes
                Correspondence to: Hidenori Kage, hkage3@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                Publisher ID: 533705
                DOI: 10.1159/000533705
                PMC ID: 10601772
                PubMed ID: 37900823
                SO-VID: 6e1add05-6971-4deb-aedf-9854ca6281f0
                Copyright © © 2023 The Author(s). Published by S. Karger AG, Basel
                License:

                This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC) ( http://www.karger.com/Services/OpenAccessLicense). Usage and distribution for commercial purposes requires written permission.

                History
                Date received : 1 July 2023
                Date accepted : 18 August 2023
                Date: 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 1, References: 12, Pages: 5
                Funding
                The authors declare that they have not received a specific grant for this research from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
                Categories
                Subject: Case Report

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Oncology & Radiotherapy
                Keywords: immune checkpoint inhibitors,lung neoplasms,immunotherapy,vaccination
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Oncology & Radiotherapy
                Keywords: immune checkpoint inhibitors, lung neoplasms, immunotherapy, vaccination

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