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      The European New Car Assessment Programme: A historical review

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          Abstract

          Established in 1997, the European New Car Assessment Programme (Euro NCAP) provides consumers with a safety performance assessment for the majority of the most popular cars in Europe. Thanks to its rigorous crash tests, Euro NCAP has rapidly become an important driver safety improvement to new cars. After ten years of rating vehicles, Euro NCAP felt that a change was necessary to stay in tune with rapidly emerging driver assistance and crash avoidance systems and to respond to shifting priorities in road safety. A new overall rating system was introduced that combines the most important aspects of vehicle safety under a single star rating. The overall rating system has allowed Euro NCAP to continue to push for better fitment and higher performance for vehicles sold on the European market. In the coming years, the safety rating is expected to play an important role in the support of the roll-out of highly automated vehicles.

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          Most cited references20

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          Effectiveness of low speed autonomous emergency braking in real-world rear-end crashes.

          This study set out to evaluate the effectiveness of low speed autonomous emergency braking (AEB) technology in current model passenger vehicles, based on real-world crash experience. The validating vehicle safety through meta-analysis (VVSMA) group comprising a collaboration of government, industry consumer organisations and researchers, pooled data from a number of countries using a standard analysis format and the established MUND approach. Induced exposure methods were adopted to control for any extraneous effects. The findings showed a 38 percent overall reduction in rear-end crashes for vehicles fitted with AEB compared to a comparison sample of similar vehicles. There was no statistical evidence of any difference in effect between urban (≤60 km/h) and rural (>60 km/h) speed zones. Areas requiring further research were identified and widespread fitment through the vehicle fleet is recommended.
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            The effectiveness of electronic stability control (ESC) in reducing real life crashes and injuries.

            Electronic Stability Control (ESC) was introduced on the mass market in 1998. Since then, several studies showing the positive effects of ESC have been presented. In this study, data from crashes occurring in Sweden during 1998 to 2004 were used to evaluate the effectiveness of ESC on real life crashes. The effectiveness was analyzed for different road conditions, and some accident types and injury levels. The study used statistical analysis. To control for exposure, induced exposure methods were used, where ESC-sensitive to ESC-insensitive crashes and road conditions were matched in relation to cars equipped with and without ESC. Cars of similar or, in some cases, identical make and model were used to isolate the role of ESC. The study shows a positive and consistent effect of ESC overall and in circumstances where the road has low friction. The overall effectiveness on all injury crash types, except rear end crashes, was 16.7 +/- 9.3%, while for serious and fatal crashes; the effectiveness was 21.6 +/- 12.8%. The corresponding estimates for crashes with injured car occupants were 23.0 +/- 9.2% and 26.9 +/- 13.9%. For serious and fatal loss-of-control type crashes on wet roads the effectiveness was 56.2 +/- 23.5% and for roads covered with ice or snow the effectiveness was 49.2 +/- 30.2%. It was estimated that for Sweden, with a total of 500 vehicle related deaths annually, that 80-100 fatalities could be saved annually if all cars had ESC. ESC was found to reduce crashes with personal injuries, especially serious and fatal injuries. The effectiveness ranged from at least 13% for car occupants in all types of crashes with serious or fatal outcome to a minimum of 35% effectiveness for single/oncoming/overtaking serious and fatal crashes on wet or icy road surface. No difference in deformation pattern was found for cars with or without ESC.
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              Effectiveness of Ford's belt reminder system in increasing seat belt use.

              The study investigated the effectiveness in increasing seat belt use of Ford's belt reminder system, a supplementary system that provides intermittent flashing lights and chimes for five minutes if drivers are not belted.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Chin J Traumatol
                Chin. J. Traumatol
                Chinese Journal of Traumatology
                Elsevier
                1008-1275
                29 January 2016
                April 2016
                29 January 2016
                : 19
                : 2
                : 63-69
                Affiliations
                [a ]Euro NCAP, 2 Place du Luxembourg, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
                [b ]Swedish Traffic Administration, SE-781 89 Borlänge, Sweden
                [c ]Federal Highway Research Institute, Brüderstraße 53, D-51427 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
                [d ]Group UTAC CERAM, Avenue Georges Boillot, 91310 Linas –Montlhéry, France
                [e ]ADAC, Otto-Lilienthal-Straße 2, 86899 Landsberg am Lech, Germany
                [f ]International Consumer Research and Testing Ltd, 24 Highbury Crescent, London N5 1RX, United Kingdom
                [g ]Thatcham Research, Colthrop Way, Thatcham, Berkshire RG19 4NR, United Kingdom
                Author notes
                []Corresponding author. michiel_van_ratingen@ 123456euroncap.com
                Article
                S1008-1275(16)00011-0
                10.1016/j.cjtee.2015.11.016
                4897830
                27140211
                6e254f35-2135-4c7e-bf80-722defaf84cd
                © 2016 Daping Hospital and the Research Institute of Surgery of the Third Military Medical University. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.

                This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

                History
                : 15 September 2015
                : 10 October 2015
                : 16 November 2015
                Categories
                Invited Review

                european new car assessment programme,vehicle safety,safety rating,crash testing

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