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      • Record: found
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      Is Open Access

      miR-149 in Human Cancer: A Systemic Review

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          Abstract

          MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate post-transcriptional gene expression via binding to the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of targeted mRNAs. They are reported to play important roles in tumorigenesis and progression of various cancers. Among them, miR-149 was confirmed to be aberrantly regulated in various tumors. In this review, we provide a complex overview of miR-149, particularly summarize the critical roles of it in cancers and expect to lay the foundation for future works on this important microRNA.

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          Immunological hallmarks of stromal cells in the tumour microenvironment.

          Shannon Turley, Viviana Cremasco, Jillian L. Astarita (2015)
          A dynamic and mutualistic interaction between tumour cells and the surrounding stroma promotes the initiation, progression, metastasis and chemoresistance of solid tumours. Far less understood is the relationship between the stroma and tumour-infiltrating leukocytes; however, emerging evidence suggests that the stromal compartment can shape antitumour immunity and responsiveness to immunotherapy. Thus, there is growing interest in elucidating the immunomodulatory roles of the stroma that evolve within the tumour microenvironment. In this Review, we discuss the evidence that stromal determinants interact with leukocytes and influence antitumour immunity, with emphasis on the immunological attributes of stromal cells that may foster their protumorigenic function.
          Article 0 comments Cited 528 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Exosomes: a common pathway for a specialized function.

            Guillaume van Niel, Isabel Porto-Carreiro, Sabrina Simões … (2006)
            Exosomes are membrane vesicles that are released by cells upon fusion of multivesicular bodies with the plasma membrane. Their molecular composition reflects their origin in endosomes as intraluminal vesicles. In addition to a common set of membrane and cytosolic molecules, exosomes harbor unique subsets of proteins linked to cell type-associated functions. Exosome secretion participates in the eradication of obsolete proteins but several findings, essentially in the immune system, indicate that exosomes constitute a potential mode of intercellular communication. Release of exosomes by tumor cells and their implication in the propagation of unconventional pathogens such as prions suggests their participation in pathological situations. These findings open up new therapeutic and diagnostic strategies.
            Article 0 comments Cited 332 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Glycogen synthase kinase-3 regulates mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization and apoptosis by destabilization of MCL-1.

              Ulrich Maurer, Céline Charvet, Allan Wagman … (2006)
              We investigated the role of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), which is inactivated by AKT, for its role in the regulation of apoptosis. Upon IL-3 withdrawal, protein levels of MCL-1 decreased but were sustained by pharmacological inhibition of GSK-3, which prevented cytochrome c release and apoptosis. MCL-1 was phosphorylated by GSK-3 at a conserved GSK-3 phosphorylation site (S159). S159 phosphorylation of MCL-1 was induced by IL-3 withdrawal or PI3K inhibition and prevented by AKT or inhibition of GSK-3, and it led to increased ubiquitinylation and degradation of MCL-1. A phosphorylation-site mutant (MCL-1(S159A)), expressed in IL-3-dependent cells, showed enhanced stability upon IL-3 withdrawal and conferred increased protection from apoptosis compared to wild-type MCL-1. The results demonstrate that the control of MCL-1 stability by GSK-3 is an important mechanism for the regulation of apoptosis by growth factors, PI3K, and AKT.
              Article 0 comments Cited 227 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Cancer
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Cancer
                Journal ID (publisher-id): jca
                Title: Journal of Cancer
                Publisher: Ivyspring International Publisher (Sydney )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1837-9664
                Publication date Collection: 2018
                Publication date (Electronic): 1 January 2018
                Volume: 9
                Issue: 2
                Pages: 375-388
                Affiliations
                [1 ]The First Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China;
                [2 ]Center of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Baiziting 42, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China;
                [3 ]Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China.
                Author notes
                ✉ Corresponding author: Jinhai Tang, MD, PHD. Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China. E-mail address: tangjh@ 123456njmu.edu.cn

                * Equal contributors

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interest exists.

                Article
                Publisher ID: jcav09p0375
                DOI: 10.7150/jca.21044
                PMC ID: 5771345
                PubMed ID: 29344284
                SO-VID: 6e258c56-685d-4f4a-a2e1-3d2744b9934f
                Copyright © © Ivyspring International Publisher
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY-NC) license ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). See http://ivyspring.com/terms for full terms and conditions.

                History
                Date received : 16 May 2017
                Date accepted : 21 November 2017
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Oncology & Radiotherapy
                Keywords: mirna,mir-149,cancer.
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Oncology & Radiotherapy
                Keywords: mirna, mir-149, cancer.

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