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      Are Deficits in Social Cognition Linked to Autobiographical Memory in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease?

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          Abstract

          Abstract. We investigated theory of mind (ToM) deficits in Alzheimer‘s disease (AD) and its possible connection to autobiographical memory (ABM). Patients and matched controls were evaluated and compared using a video-based ToM test, an autobiographical fluency task, and a neuropsychological test battery. We found that ToM deficits were positively associated with semantic ABM in the clinical group, whereas a positive relationship appeared between ToM and episodic ABM in controls. We hypothesize that this reflects the course of the disease as well as that semantic ABM is used for ToM processing, being still accessible in AD. Furthermore, we assume that it is also less efficient, which in turn leads to a specific deficit profile of social cognition.

          Können Defizite in sozialer Kognition auf das Gedächtnis von Patienten mit Alzheimer-Krankheit zurückgeführt werden?

          Zusammenfassung. Die Studie untersucht den Zusammenhang zwischen Theory of Mind (ToM) und autobiographischem Gedächtnis (ABM) an Patienten mit Alzheimer-Demenz (AD). Hierfür wurden die ToM- und ABM-Leistungen der Kranken mit einer passenden Kontrollgruppe verglichen, zusätzlich wurde die neuropsychologische Testbatterie CERAD-NP durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass ToM-Fähigkeiten in der klinischen Gruppe mit dem semantischen ABM korreliert waren, während eine positive Beziehung zwischen ToM und episodischen ABM in der Kontrollgruppe bestand. Aufgrund der Befunde wird vermutet, dass semantische Inhalte für die ToM genutzt werden, weil sie im Krankheitsverlauf länger erhalten bleiben und einfacher zugänglich sind. Darüber hinaus scheinen sie weniger effizient zu sein, was eventuell die assoziierten ToM-Defizite erklärt.

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          Most cited references31

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          Patterns of brain activity supporting autobiographical memory, prospection, and theory of mind, and their relationship to the default mode network.

          The ability to rise above the present environment and reflect upon the past, the future, and the minds of others is a fundamentally defining human feature. It has been proposed that these three self-referential processes involve a highly interconnected core set of brain structures known as the default mode network (DMN). The DMN appears to be active when individuals are engaged in stimulus-independent thought. This network is a likely candidate for supporting multiple processes, but this idea has not been tested directly. We used fMRI to examine brain activity during autobiographical remembering, prospection, and theory-of-mind reasoning. Using multivariate analyses, we found a common pattern of neural activation underlying all three processes in the DMN. In addition, autobiographical remembering and prospection engaged midline DMN structures to a greater degree and theory-of-mind reasoning engaged lateral DMN areas. A functional connectivity analysis revealed that activity of a critical node in the DMN, medial prefrontal cortex, was correlated with activity in other regions in the DMN during all three tasks. We conclude that the DMN supports common aspects of these cognitive behaviors involved in simulating an internalized experience.
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            Cognitive Empathy and Emotional Empathy in Human Behavior and Evolution

            Adam Smith (2006)
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              Is Open Access

              Social Cognition in Borderline Personality Disorder: Evidence for Disturbed Recognition of the Emotions, Thoughts, and Intentions of others

              Disturbed relatedness is a core feature of borderline personality disorder (BPD), and impaired social cognition or deficits in “mentalization” are hypothesized to underlie this feature. To date, only weak empirical evidence argues for impairment in the recognition of emotions, thoughts, or intentions in BPD. Data from facial emotion recognition research indicate that these abilities are altered in BPD only if tasks are complex. The present study aims to assess social cognitive abilities in BPD. Sixty-four women with BPD and 38 healthy controls watched the “Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition” (MASC), a newly developed film displaying social interactions, and asking for an assessment of the intentions, emotions, and thoughts of the characters. In addition, participants completed an established but less ecologically valid measure of social cognition (“Reading the Mind in the Eyes”; RME). In the RME task, BPD patients did not display impairment in social cognition compared to healthy controls. By contrast, on the more sensitive MASC, women with BPD showed significantly impaired abilities in social cognition compared to healthy controls in their recognition of emotions, thoughts, and intentions. Comorbid PTSD, intrusions, and sexual trauma negatively predicted social cognitive abilities on the more sensitive MASC. Thus, our results suggest impaired social cognitive abilities in BPD. Especially for comorbid PTSD, intrusive symptoms, and history of sexual trauma predicted poor outcomes on social cognition tasks.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                znp
                Zeitschrift für Neuropsychologie
                Journal of Neuropsychology
                Hogrefe AG, Bern
                1016-264X
                1664-2902
                2016
                : 27
                : 4
                : 257-264
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ]Center for Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Humboldt-University Berlin
                [ 2 ]Center for Clinical Psychology and Rehabilitation, University of Bremen
                [ 3 ]Department of Prevention and Health Promotion, APOLLON University of Applied Sciences Bremen
                Author notes
                Herr Prof. Dr. Lutz Jäncke, Universität Zürich, Institut für Psychologie, Abteilung Neuropsychologie, Binzmühlestrasse 14, Postfach 25, CH-8050 Zürich
                Article
                znp_27_4_257
                10.1024/1016-264X/a000187
                6e3d837c-e856-41e0-843d-6618ba46251a
                Copyright @ 2016
                History
                Categories
                Brief-Report

                Psychology,Neurology,Neurosciences,Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                personal memory,Alzheimer’s disease,social cognition,Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition (MASC-MC),autobiographisches Gedächtnis,autobiographical memory,soziale Kognition,Alzheimer-Demenz,theory of mind

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