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      Overview with Meta-analysis of Systematic Reviews of the Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography in the Emergency Department Translated title: Visão Geral com Meta-Análise de Revisões Sistemáticas sobre o Valor Diagnóstico e Prognóstico da Angiotomografia de Coronárias na Emergência

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          Abstract

          Abstract Background: The high prevalence of CAD, as well as your impact on health expenditure and the various treatment options to reduce morbidity and mortality related to CAD, comes to develop a diagnostic tool precis and with important findings in the Emergency Department. Objetive: To conduct an overview with meta-analysis to compile evidence from multiple systematic reviews (SR) on the diagnostic and prognostic value of coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) to assess acute chest pain in the emergency department (ED). Methods: We included SR of primary studies that evaluated the diagnostic and prognostic value of CCTA ≥ 64 channels in the ED. The studies were conducted in patients at low and intermediate risk for coronary artery disease (CAD). Quality assessment was performed using PRISMA and approved reviews that scored ≥ 80%. Two authors independently extracted data using a standardized form. Spearman correlation test, Chi-square test, Cochran's Q test or Higgins and Thompson statistical I2 were used. For meta-analysis, "mada" package statistical software R Core Team, 2015, was used. The significance level adopted was 95%. Results: Four reviews were eligible for inclusion in this overview, resulting in 13 articles after applying the exclusion criteria, and only 10 of these were used for meta-analysis, adding up to a total of 4831 patients (mean age, 54 ± 6 years; 51% male), of whom 46% were hypertensive, 32% had dyslipidemia, 13% had diabetes and 26% had a family history of premature CAD. In the meta-analysis, 9 studies defined CCTA positive in the presence of luminal lesions ≥ 50%, while 1 study defined it as luminal lesions ≥ 70%. Sensitivity ranged from 77% to 98%, and specificity, from 73% to 100%. The univariate analysis showed homogeneity of diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) [Q = 8.5 (df = 9), p = 0.48 and I2 = 0%]. The pooled mean DOR for CCTA in primary analyses was 4.33 (95% CI: 3.47 - 5.18). The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.982 (95% CI: 0.967 - 0.999). There was no death, 29 (0.6%) infarcts, 92 (1.9%) revascularizations and 312 (6.4%) invasive coronary angiographies. The diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome occurred in 7.3% of the 1655 patients included in the meta-analysis. Conclusions: The use of CCTA as a tool for stratification of patients at low or intermediate cardiovascular risk, who are in the ED with chest pain, has high accuracy, safety, reduces length of hospital stay and probably the costs, producing an early diagnosis and more effective decision making. (Int J Cardiovasc Sci. 2017; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)

          Translated abstract

          Resumo Fundamento: A alta prevalência de DAC, bem como seu impacto sobre as despesas de saúde e as várias opções de tratamento para reduzir a morbidade e mortalidade relacionados a DAC, vem desenvolver uma ferramenta de diagnóstico precisa e com resultados importantes no departamento de emergência. Objetivo: Fornecer visão geral com meta-análise para compilar evidência a partir de múltiplas revisões sistemáticas (RS) sobre o valor diagnóstico e prognóstico da angiotomografia computadorizada de artérias coronárias (ATCC) na avaliação da dor torácica aguda no setor de emergência (SE). Métodos: Incluímos RS de estudos primários avaliando o valor diagnóstico e prognóstico da ATCC ≥ 64 canais no SE. Os estudos foram conduzidos em pacientes de risco baixo e intermediário para doença arterial coronariana (DAC). Realizou-se avaliação qualitativa usando PRISMA, e aquelas que pontuaram ≥ 80% foram aprovadas. Dois autores extraíram dados independentemente usando um formulário padrão. Os testes de correlação de Spearman, do qui-quadrado, Q de Cochran ou a estatística I2 de Higgins e Thompson foram usados, assim como o pacote estatístico "mada" (R Core Team, 2015) para meta-análise. Adotou-se o nível de significância de 95%. Resultados: Quatro RS foram elegíveis para inclusão neste estudo, resultando em 13 artigos após aplicação dos critérios de exclusão, sendo apenas 10 usados para a meta-análise, num total de 4831 pacientes (idade média, 54 ± 6 anos; 51% homens), dos quais 46% tinham hipertensão, 32% dislipidemia, 13% diabetes e 26% história familiar de DAC prematura. Na meta-análise, 9 estudos definiram ATCC positiva na presença de lesões luminais ≥ 50%, enquanto 1 estudo definiu ATCC positiva na presença de lesões luminais ≥ 70%. A sensibilidade variou de 77% a 98%, e a especificidade, de 73% a 100%. A análise univariada mostrou homogeneidade do odds ratio diagnóstico (DOR) [Q = 8,5 (df = 9), p = 0,48 and I(2) = 0%]. A estimativa sumária da DOR para ATCC nas análises primárias foi de 4,33 (IC95%: 3,47 - 5,18). A área sob a curva foi 0,982 (IC95%: 0,967 - 0,999). Houve 29 (0.6%) infartos, 92 (1,9%) revascularizações, 312 (6,4%) angiografias coronarianas invasivas e nenhuma morte. Síndrome coronariana aguda foi diagnosticada em 7,3% dos 1655 pacientes incluídos na meta-análise. Conclusões: O uso de ATCC como ferramenta para estratificação de pacientes de risco cardiovascular baixo e intermediário, que procuraram o SE com dor torácica, tem alta acurácia e segurança, reduz a permanência no hospital e provavelmente os custos, produzindo diagnóstico precoce e uma tomada de decisão mais efetiva. (Int J Cardiovasc Sci. 2017; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)

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          Prognostic value of multidetector coronary computed tomographic angiography for prediction of all-cause mortality.

          The purpose of this study was to examine the association of all-cause death with the coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA)-defined extent and severity of coronary artery disease (CAD). The prognostic value of identifying CAD by CCTA remains undefined. We examined a single-center consecutive cohort of 1,127 patients > or =45 years old with chest symptoms. Stenosis by CCTA was scored as minimal ( or =70%) for each coronary artery. Plaque was assessed in 3 ways: 1) moderate or obstructive plaque; 2) CCTA score modified from Duke coronary artery score; and 3) simple clinical scores grading plaque extent and distribution. A 15.3 +/- 3.9-month follow-up of all-cause death was assessed using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for pretest CAD likelihood and risk factors. Deaths were verified by the Social Security Death Index. The CCTA predictors of death included proximal left anterior descending artery stenosis and number of vessels with > or =50% and > or =70% stenosis (all p or =70% or 2 stenoses > or =50% (p = 0.013) to 85% survival for > or =50% LM artery stenosis (p < 0.0001). Clinical scores measuring plaque burden and distribution predicted 5% to 6% higher absolute death rate (6.6% vs. 1.6% and 8.4% vs. 2.5%; p = 0.05 for both). In patients with chest pain, CCTA identifies increased risk for all-cause death. Importantly, a negative CCTA portends an extremely low risk for death.
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            ACCF/SCCT/ACR/AHA/ASE/ASNC/NASCI/SCAI/SCMR 2010 appropriate use criteria for cardiac computed tomography. A report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Appropriate Use Criteria Task Force, the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography, the American College of Radiology, the American Heart Association, the American Society of Echocardiography, the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, the North American Society for Cardiovascular Imaging, the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance.

            The American College of Cardiology Foundation (ACCF), along with key specialty and subspecialty societies, conducted an appropriate use review of common clinical scenarios where cardiac computed tomography (CCT) is frequently considered. The present document is an update to the original CCT/cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) appropriateness criteria published in 2006, written to reflect changes in test utilization, to incorporate new clinical data, and to clarify CCT use where omissions or lack of clarity existed in the original criteria (1). The indications for this review were drawn from common applications or anticipated uses, as well as from current clinical practice guidelines. Ninety-three clinical scenarios were developed by a writing group and scored by a separate technical panel on a scale of 1 to 9 to designate appropriate use, inappropriate use, or uncertain use. In general, use of CCT angiography for diagnosis and risk assessment in patients with low or intermediate risk or pretest probability for coronary artery disease (CAD) was viewed favorably, whereas testing in high-risk patients, routine repeat testing, and general screening in certain clinical scenarios were viewed less favorably. Use of noncontrast computed tomography (CT) for calcium scoring was rated as appropriate within intermediate- and selected low-risk patients. Appropriate applications of CCT are also within the category of cardiac structural and functional evaluation. It is anticipated that these results will have an impact on physician decision making, performance, and reimbursement policy, and that they will help guide future research.
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              Coronary CT angiography versus standard evaluation in acute chest pain.

              It is unclear whether an evaluation incorporating coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) is more effective than standard evaluation in the emergency department in patients with symptoms suggestive of acute coronary syndromes. In this multicenter trial, we randomly assigned patients 40 to 74 years of age with symptoms suggestive of acute coronary syndromes but without ischemic electrocardiographic changes or an initial positive troponin test to early CCTA or to standard evaluation in the emergency department on weekdays during daylight hours between April 2010 and January 2012. The primary end point was length of stay in the hospital. Secondary end points included rates of discharge from the emergency department, major adverse cardiovascular events at 28 days, and cumulative costs. Safety end points were undetected acute coronary syndromes. The rate of acute coronary syndromes among 1000 patients with a mean (±SD) age of 54±8 years (47% women) was 8%. After early CCTA, as compared with standard evaluation, the mean length of stay in the hospital was reduced by 7.6 hours (P<0.001) and more patients were discharged directly from the emergency department (47% vs. 12%, P<0.001). There were no undetected acute coronary syndromes and no significant differences in major adverse cardiovascular events at 28 days. After CCTA, there was more downstream testing and higher radiation exposure. The cumulative mean cost of care was similar in the CCTA group and the standard-evaluation group ($4,289 and $4,060, respectively; P=0.65). In patients in the emergency department with symptoms suggestive of acute coronary syndromes, incorporating CCTA into a triage strategy improved the efficiency of clinical decision making, as compared with a standard evaluation in the emergency department, but it resulted in an increase in downstream testing and radiation exposure with no decrease in the overall costs of care. (Funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; ROMICAT-II ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01084239.).
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                ijcs
                International Journal of Cardiovascular Sciences
                Int. J. Cardiovasc. Sci.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                2359-4802
                2359-5647
                October 2017
                : 31
                : 1
                : 33-46
                Affiliations
                [1] orgnameUniversidade Federal de Sergipe Brazil
                [2] Aracaju SE orgnameHospital e Fundação São Lucas orgdiv1Centro de Ensino e Pesquisa e Laboratório de Ecocardiografia Brazil
                Article
                S2359-56472018000100033
                10.5935/2359-4802.20170086
                6ea0ea48-e5b8-494b-aac0-8409ebd0ecc1

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 07 July 2017
                : 04 March 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 37, Pages: 14
                Product

                SciELO Brazil


                Tomography, X-Ray Computed,Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X,Dor no Peito,Medicina de Emergência,Metanálise como Assunto,Coronary Artery Disease,Chest Pain,Emergency Medicine,Meta-Analysis as Topic,Doença da Artéria Coronariana

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