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      Three-axis MR-conditional robot for high-intensity focused ultrasound for treating prostate diseases transrectally

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          Abstract

          Background

          A prototype magnetic resonance image (MRI)-conditional robot was developed for navigating a high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) system in order to treat prostate cancer transrectally.

          Materials and methods

          The developed robotic device utilizes three PC-controlled axes: a linear axis for motion along the rectum, an angular axis for rotation in the rectum, and a linear axis to lift the robot up and down. Experiments with the system were performed in a 1.5-T MRI system using gel phantoms.

          Result

          The robot was successfully operated in a 1.5-T clinical MRI system. The effect of piezoelectric motors and optical encoders was quantified based on the reduction of signal to noise ratio. Discrete and overlapping lesions were created accurately by moving the HIFU transducer with the robotic device.

          Conclusion

          An MRI-conditional HIFU robot was developed which can create controlled thermal lesions under MRI guidance. The intention is to use this robot transrectally in the future for the treatment of prostate cancer.

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          Most cited references38

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          Transcranial magnetic resonance imaging- guided focused ultrasound surgery of brain tumors: initial findings in 3 patients.

          This work evaluated the clinical feasibility of transcranial magnetic resonance imaging-guided focused ultrasound surgery. Transcranial magnetic resonance imaging-guided focused ultrasound surgery offers a potential noninvasive alternative to surgical resection. The method combines a hemispherical phased-array transducer and patient-specific treatment planning based on acoustic models with feedback control based on magnetic resonance temperature imaging to overcome the effects of the cranium and allow for controlled and precise thermal ablation in the brain. In initial trials in 3 glioblastoma patients, multiple focused ultrasound exposures were applied up to the maximum acoustic power available. Offline analysis of the magnetic resonance temperature images evaluated the temperature changes at the focus and brain surface. We found that it was possible to focus an ultrasound beam transcranially into the brain and to visualize the heating with magnetic resonance temperature imaging. Although we were limited by the device power available at the time and thus seemed to not achieve thermal coagulation, extrapolation of the temperature measurements at the focus and on the brain surface suggests that thermal ablation will be possible with this device without overheating the brain surface, with some possible limitation on the treatment envelope. Although significant hurdles remain, these findings are a major step forward in producing a completely noninvasive alternative to surgical resection for brain disorders.
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            MR imaging-guided focused ultrasound surgery of uterine leiomyomas: a feasibility study.

            The feasibility and safety of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging-guided focused ultrasound surgery for uterine leiomyomas is reported. Sequential sonications were delivered to nine targets. Temperature-sensitive phase-difference MR imaging monitored the location of the focus and measured tissue temperature elevations, ensuring therapeutic dose. MR images and hysterectomy specimens were evaluated. Six leiomyomas received full therapeutic doses, and 98.5% of the sonications were visualized. MR thermometry was successful in all sonications and cases. Focal necrotic lesions were seen in all cases at MR, and five were pathologically confirmed. MR imaging-guided focused ultrasound causes thermocoagulation and necrosis in uterine leiomyomas and is feasible and safe, without serious consequences.
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              Focused ultrasound treatment of uterine fibroid tumors: safety and feasibility of a noninvasive thermoablative technique.

              The purpose of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of focused ultrasound surgery with magnetic resonance imaging guidance for the noninvasive treatment of uterine leiomyomas. Fifty-five women with clinically significant uterine leiomyomas were treated. Pain and complications were assessed prospectively, and posttreatment magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure the treatment effects. Patients in three of the five centers underwent planned hysterectomy after treatment, which provided pathologic correlation of treatment. Seventy-six percent of the enrolled patients completed the full treatment session. All treatments were conducted in an outpatient setting with minimal discomfort for subjects and no major complications. Pathologic examination of the uterus confirmed that magnetic resonance imaging guidance provides the safe and accurate delivery of effective levels of thermal energy with a 3-fold increase in volume of histologically documented necrosis, compared with treatment volume (6.6 +/- 0.8 vs 18.4 +/- 3.9 mL, P <.005). Magnetic resonance imaging-guided focused ultrasound surgery appears to be a well-tolerated treatment for uterine leiomyomas.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                christosyiallouras@gmail.com
                aktinodiagnostis@gmail.com
                tetiana.dadakova@uniklinik-freiburg.de
                john.pavlina@uniklinik-freiburg.de
                michael.bock@uniklinik-freiburg.de
                cdamianou@cytanet.com.cy
                Journal
                J Ther Ultrasound
                J Ther Ultrasound
                Journal of Therapeutic Ultrasound
                BioMed Central (London )
                2050-5736
                29 January 2015
                29 January 2015
                2015
                : 3
                : 2
                Affiliations
                [ ]MEDSONIC LTD, Limassol, Cyprus
                [ ]Electrical Engineering Department, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
                [ ]Biomedical Engineering Department, City University, London, UK
                [ ]Radiology, Polikliniki Igia, Limassol, Cyprus
                [ ]Radiology—Medical Physics, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
                Article
                23
                10.1186/s40349-014-0023-2
                4318438
                25657846
                6eac976f-42da-47dc-a370-84cbd0ba15ae
                © Yiallouras et al.; licensee BioMed Central. 2015

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

                History
                : 20 October 2014
                : 17 December 2014
                Categories
                Research
                Custom metadata
                © The Author(s) 2015

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