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      Nephrotic syndrome during the tapering of oral steroids after pathological diagnosis of Kimura disease from a lacrimal gland mass: case report and review of 10 Japanese patients

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          Abstract

          <p class="first" id="d3641710e163">A 42-year-old man with eosinophilia and high serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) developed a lacrimal gland mass on the left side. Excisional biopsy revealed hyperplasia of lymphoid follicles, and infiltration with lymphocytes and eosinophils around lacrimal gland acini, leading to the pathological diagnosis of Kimura disease. IgE-positive cells were mainly found along follicular dendritic cells, and a small number of IgG4-positive cells was present. One month after oral prednisolone was started at 40 mg daily and tapered to 10 mg daily, he developed lower leg edema on both sides and marked proteinuria (10.8 g/day). Renal biopsy showed no glomerular abnormalities, no immunoglobulin deposition, and no tubulointerstitial infiltration with eosinophils, leading to the diagnosis of minimal change nephrotic syndrome. Proteinuria subsided in response to an increased dose of prednisolone to 30 mg daily. Proteinuria relapsed three times in the following 5 years when oral prednisolone was tapered. In conclusion, Kimura disease manifested as an orbital mass and did not relapse. However, nephrotic syndrome relapsed frequently with background eosinophilia and high serum IgE. This study reviewed the clinical features of 10 Japanese patients with Kimura disease associated with proteinuria. </p>

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          Nephrotic syndrome associated with Kimura disease.

          Kimura disease presents as benign subcutaneous swelling predominantly around the head and neck region. It has a high incidence of renal involvement. However, the pathogenesis of this association remains elusive. Only 2 pediatric cases and 11 adult cases of Kimura disease with renal involvement have been reported in the literature. In recent years many immunopathogenetic features suggesting an underlying T-cell and related cytokine defect have been noted in Kimura disease. We describe a unique case of an Asian boy who presented with nephrotic syndrome resistant to steroid and cytotoxic therapy, and 5 years later developed cervical lymphadenopathy consistent with Kimura disease. We also review the literature, summarizing the presentation, differential diagnosis, incidence of renal disease, prognosis, immunopathogenetic features, and therapy.
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            Kimura Disease: A Case Report and Review of the Chinese Literature

            Background: Kimura disease, often accompanied by nephrotic syndrome, is a rare, chronic inflammatory disorder of unknown cause. In this report, the clinical and histopathological characteristics of 20 Chinese patients with Kimura disease-associated nephrotic syndrome were retrospectively evaluated. Methods: We report a case of Kimura disease that was diagnosed recently in our ward, with steroid-responsive but recurrent minimal-change nephrotic syndrome. Meanwhile, we also used three powerful Chinese journal search engines (Cqvip.com, Wanfang.data and ScienceChina) to search the cases reported in Chinese from 1984 to 2007. Results: The nephrotic syndrome of our patient occurred 20 months after the onset of Kimura disease. Renal biopsy revealed minimal-change lesions. The patient was responsive to the steroid, but proteinuria recurred. In most of the 19 other cases, the onset of nephrotic syndrome occurred after subcutaneous masses. Renal biopsy in 13 cases showed mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis in 9, minimal change disease in 2 and membrane nephropathy in 2 cases. Serum creatinine levels were elevated in 5 patients. Conclusion: Normally, Kimura disease-associated nephrotic syndrome patients are sensitive to prednisone therapy but are likely to relapse. In patients with recurrent nephrotic syndrome, renal insufficiency is not uncommon.
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              Retrospective Multicentric Study of 25 Kimura Disease Patients: Emphasis on Therapeutics and Shared Features with Cutaneous IgG4-Related Disease

              Background: Kimura disease (KD) is a rare lymphoproliferative inflammatory disease of unknown etiology. Data regarding therapeutic modalities and pathophysiology are scarce. Objectives: Analyze therapeutic and follow-up data and compare KD with cutaneous IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD). Methods: Multicentric retrospective study of 25 KD patients with analysis of treatment, follow-up and IgG4 immunostaining. Comparison with published cases of cutaneous IgG4-RD. Results: Patients were mostly male (84%), median-aged 42 years with lymph node, lacrimal/salivary gland and kidney involvements in 45, 24 and 12%, respectively. Surgical excision had 100% complete response and 60% relapse. Oral corticosteroids had 100% response with 50% relapse. Thalidomide, cyclosporine or interferon-α had 100% response, but 100, 20 and 50% relapse, respectively. KD showed clinicopathological similarities with 27 published cases of cutaneous IgG4-RD. Conclusion: Surgery may be used in resectable KD cases, whereas cyclosporine or thalidomide may represent interesting alternatives to oral corticosteroids in other cases. KD shares features with cutaneous IgG4-RD.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hematopathology
                JCEH
                J Clin Exp Hematopathol
                Japanese Society for Lymphoreticular Tissue Research
                1346-4280
                1880-9952
                2017
                2017
                : 57
                : 3
                : 147-152
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Hospital and Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences
                [2 ]Department of Pathology Okayama University Hospital and Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences
                [3 ]Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Hospital and Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences
                Article
                10.3960/jslrt.17028
                6144185
                29279552
                6eb1efb5-17d2-40da-a884-64c80e5f87c1
                © 2017
                History

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