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      Reversible Inactivation of the Dorsal Nucleus of the Lateral Lemniscus Reveals Its Role in the Processing of Multiple Sound Sources in the Inferior Colliculus of Bats

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          Abstract

          Neurons in the inferior colliculus (IC) that are excited by one ear and inhibited by the other [excitatory—inhibitory (EI) neurons] can code interaural intensity disparities (IIDs), the cues animals use to localize high frequencies. Although EI properties are first formed in a lower nucleus and imposed on some IC cells via an excitatory projection, many other EI neurons are formed de novo in the IC. By reversibly inactivating the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (DNLL) in Mexican free-tailed bats with kynurenic acid, we show that the EI properties of many IC cells are formed de novo via an inhibitory projection from the DNLL on the opposite side. We also show that signals excitatory to the IC evoke an inhibition in the opposite DNLL that persists for tens of milliseconds after the signal has ended. During that period, strongly suppressed EI cells in the IC are deprived of inhibition from the DNLL and respond to binaural signals as weakly inhibited or monaural cells. By relieving inhibition at the IC, we show that an initial binaural signal essentially reconfigures the circuit and thereby allows IC cells to respond to trailing binaural signals that were inhibitory when presented alone. Thus, DNLL innervation creates a property in the IC that is not possessed by lower neurons or by collicular EI neurons that are not innervated by the DNLL. That property is a change in responsiveness to binaural signals, a change dependent on the reception of an earlier sound. These features suggest that the circuitry linking the DNLL with the opposite central nucleus of the IC is important for the processing of IIDs that change over time, such as the IIDs generated by moving stimuli or by multiple sound sources that emanate from different regions of space.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          J Neurosci
          J. Neurosci
          jneuro
          jneurosci
          J. Neurosci
          The Journal of Neuroscience
          Society for Neuroscience
          0270-6474
          1529-2401
          1 July 2001
          : 21
          : 13
          : 4830-4843
          Affiliations
          [ 1 ]Section of Neurobiology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712
          Article
          PMC6762372 PMC6762372 6762372 5367
          10.1523/JNEUROSCI.21-13-04830.2001
          6762372
          11425910
          6ec1a1b0-23e5-419d-8345-0922df552e71
          Copyright © 2001 Society for Neuroscience
          History
          : 17 January 2001
          : 9 April 2001
          : 9 April 2001
          Categories
          ARTICLE
          Behavioral/Systems
          Custom metadata
          5.00

          precedence effect,GABA,persistent inhibition,sound localization,dorsal nucleus of lateral lemniscus,inferior colliculus

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