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      An Overview on Wireless Sensor Networks Technology and Evolution

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          Abstract

          Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) enable new applications and require non-conventional paradigms for protocol design due to several constraints. Owing to the requirement for low device complexity together with low energy consumption (i.e., long network lifetime), a proper balance between communication and signal/data processing capabilities must be found. This motivates a huge effort in research activities, standardization process, and industrial investments on this field since the last decade. This survey paper aims at reporting an overview of WSNs technologies, main applications and standards, features in WSNs design, and evolutions. In particular, some peculiar applications, such as those based on environmental monitoring, are discussed and design strategies highlighted; a case study based on a real implementation is also reported. Trends and possible evolutions are traced. Emphasis is given to the IEEE 802.15.4 technology, which enables many applications of WSNs. Some example of performance characteristics of 802.15.4-based networks are shown and discussed as a function of the size of the WSN and the data type to be exchanged among nodes.

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          A survey on sensor networks

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Sensors (Basel)
                Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
                Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)
                1424-8220
                2009
                31 August 2009
                : 9
                : 9
                : 6869-6896
                Affiliations
                [1 ] WiLAB, DEIS at University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; E-Mails: ddardari@ 123456ieee.org (D.D.); roberto.verdone@ 123456unibo.it (R.V.)
                [2 ] WiLAB, ENDIF at University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; E-Mail: a.conti@ 123456ieee.org (A.C.)
                Author notes
                [] Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: c.buratti@ 123456unibo.it ; Tel.: +39-051-2093549; Fax: +39-051-2093540.
                Article
                sensors-09-06869
                10.3390/s90906869
                3290495
                22423202
                6ec20639-8269-4393-a397-a506f79c8bfe
                © 2009 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland

                This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

                History
                : 25 July 2009
                : 24 August 2009
                : 25 August 2009
                Categories
                Review

                Biomedical engineering
                enabling technologies,ieee 802.15.4,wireless sensor networks,applications

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