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      Identification of a nuclear receptor that is activated by farnesol metabolites.

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          Abstract

          Nuclear hormone receptors comprise a superfamily of ligand-modulated transcription factors that mediate the transcriptional activities of steroids, retinoids, and thyroid hormones. A growing number of related proteins have been identified that possess the structural features of hormone receptors, but that lack known ligands. Known as orphan receptors, these proteins represent targets for novel signaling molecules. We have isolated a mammalian orphan receptor that forms a heterodimeric complex with the retinoid X receptor. A screen of candidate ligands identified farnesol and related metabolites as effective activators of this complex. Farnesol metabolites are generated intracellularly and are required for the synthesis of cholesterol, bile acids, steroids, retinoids, and farnesylated proteins. Intermediary metabolites have been recognized as transcriptional regulators in bacteria and yeast. Our results now suggest that metabolite-controlled intracellular signaling systems are utilized by higher organisms.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Cell
          Cell
          Elsevier BV
          0092-8674
          0092-8674
          Jun 02 1995
          : 81
          : 5
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
          Article
          0092-8674(95)90530-8
          10.1016/0092-8674(95)90530-8
          7774010
          6ec24875-a57c-4287-be41-a6f556aab5c8
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