Psychometric properties of the global rating of change scales in patients with neck disorders: a systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression

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Abstract

Objective

The purpose of this systematic review was to critically appraise and synthesise the psychometric properties of Global Rating of Change (GROC) scales for assessment of patients with neck pain.

Design

Systematic review.

Data sources

A search was performed in four databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, SCOPUS) until February 2019.

Data extraction and synthesis

Eligible articles were appraised using Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments checklist and the Quality Appraisal for Clinical Measurement Research Reports Evaluation Form.

Results

The search obtained 16 eligible studies and included in total 1533 patients with neck pain. Test–retest reliability of global perceived effect (GPE) was very high (intraclass correlation coefficient=0.80 to 0.92) for patients with whiplash. Pooled data of Pearson’s r indicated that GROC scores were moderately correlated with neck disability change scores (0.53, 95% CI: 0.47 to 0.59). Pooled data of Spearman’s correlations indicated that GROC scores were moderately correlated with neck disability change scores (0.56, 95% CI: 0.41 to 0.68).

Conclusions

This study found excellent quality evidence of very good-to-excellent test–retest reliability of GPE for patients with whiplash-associated disorders. Evidence from very good-to-excellent quality studies found that GROC scores are moderately correlated to an external criterion patient-reported outcome measure evaluated pre-post treatment in patients with neck pain. No studies were found that addressed the optimal form of GROC scales for patients with neck disorders or compared the GROC to other options for single-item global assessment.

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CRD42018117874.

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Most cited references 29

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Psychometric properties of the Neck Disability Index and Numeric Pain Rating Scale in patients with mechanical neck pain.

Joshua Cleland, John Childs, Julie Whitman (2008)

To examine the psychometric properties including test-retest reliability, construct validity, and minimum levels of detectable and clinically important change for the Neck Disability Index (NDI) and the numeric rating scale (NRS) for pain in a cohort of patients with neck pain. Single-group repeated-measures design. Outpatient physical therapy (PT) clinics. Patients (N=137) presenting to PT with a primary report of neck pain. Not applicable. All patients completed the NDI and the NRS at the baseline examination and at a follow-up. At the time of the follow-up, all patients also completed the global rating of change, which was used to dichotomize patients as improved or stable. Baseline and follow-up scores were used to determine the test-retest reliability, construct validity, and minimal levels of detectable and clinically important change for both the NDI and NRS. Test-retest reliability was calculated using an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) (NDI ICC=.50; 95% confidence interval [CI], .25-.67; NRS ICC=.76; 95% CI, .51-.87). The area under the curve was .83 (95% CI, .75-.90) for the NDI score and .85 (95% CI, .78-.93) for the NRS score for determining between stable and improved patients. Thresholds for the minimum clinically important difference (MCID) for the NDI were 19-percentage points and 1.3 for the NRS. Both the NDI and NRS exhibit fair to moderate test-retest reliability in patients with mechanical neck pain. Both instruments also showed adequate responsiveness in this patient population. However, the MCID required to be certain that the change in scores has surpassed a level that could be contributed to measurement error for the NDI was twice that which has previously been reported. Therefore the ongoing analyses of the properties of the NDI in a patient population with neck pain are warranted.

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Comparison of the Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation method and two shoulder rating scales. Outcomes measures after shoulder surgery.

G Williams, T J Gangel, R Arciero … (2015)

The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between the Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation method and the Rowe and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores. Between April 1993 and December 1996, 209 follow-up examinations were performed on 163 United States Military Academy cadets after shoulder surgery. These 209 examinations were divided into five follow-up categories: 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, and greater than 2 years. The Rowe and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores from each subject's follow-up questionnaire were correlated with his or her Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation rating, which is determined by the subject's written response to the following question: "How would you rate your shoulder today as a percentage of normal (0% to 100% scale with 100% being normal)?" Correlation coefficients between the Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation and the two scores were 0.51 to 0.79 for the Rowe score and 0.46 to 0.69 for the American Shoulder Elbow Surgeons score. The results of this study indicate that the Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation correlates well with these two scores after shoulder surgery. This study suggests that this new evaluation method provides clinicians with a mechanism to gather outcomes data with little demand on their time and resources.

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The burden and determinants of neck pain in the general population: results of the Bone and Joint Decade 2000-2010 Task Force on Neck Pain and Its Associated Disorders.

Margareta Nordin, Linda J Carroll, J David Cassidy … (2009)

Best evidence synthesis. To undertake a best evidence synthesis of the published evidence on the burden and determinants of neck pain and its associated disorders in the general population. The evidence on burden and determinants of neck has not previously been summarized. The Bone and Joint Decade 2000-2010 Task Force on Neck Pain and Its Associated Disorders performed a systematic search and critical review of literature published between 1980 and 2006 to assemble the best evidence on neck pain. Studies meeting criteria for scientific validity were included in a best evidence synthesis. We identified 469 studies on burden and determinants of neck pain, and judged 249 to be scientifically admissible; 101 articles related to the burden and determinants of neck pain in the general population. Incidence ranged from 0.055 per 1000 person years (disc herniation with radiculopathy) to 213 per 1000 persons (self-reported neck pain). Incidence of neck injuries during competitive sports ranged from 0.02 to 21 per 1000 exposures. The 12-month prevalence of pain typically ranged between 30% and 50%; the 12-month prevalence of activity-limiting pain was 1.7% to 11.5%. Neck pain was more prevalent among women and prevalence peaked in middle age. Risk factors for neck pain included genetics, poor psychological health, and exposure to tobacco. Disc degeneration was not identified as a risk factor. The use of sporting gear (helmets, face shields) to prevent other types of injury was not associated with increased neck injuries in bicycling, hockey, or skiing. Neck pain is common. Nonmodifiable risk factors for neck pain included age, gender, and genetics. Modifiable factors included smoking, exposure to tobacco, and psychological health. Disc degeneration was not identified as a risk factor. Future research should concentrate on longitudinal designs exploring preventive strategies and modifiable risk factors for neck pain.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): BMJ Open

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMJ Open

Journal ID (hwp): bmjopen

Journal ID (publisher-id): bmjopen

Title: BMJ Open

Publisher: BMJ Publishing Group (BMA House, Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9JR )

ISSN (Electronic): 2044-6055

Publication date Collection: 2019

Publication date (Electronic): 25 November 2019

Volume: 9

Issue: 11

Electronic Location Identifier: e033909

Affiliations

[1 ] departmentWestern's Bone and Joint Institute, School of Physical Physical Therapy, Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences , Western University , London, Ontario, Canada

[2 ] departmentInstitute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Care Research , University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, Canada

[3 ] departmentSchool of Rehabilitation Science , McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

Author notes

[Correspondence to ] Dr Pavlos Bobos; pbobos@ 123456uwo.ca

Author information

Pavlos Bobos http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5098-4840

Article

Publisher ID: bmjopen-2019-033909

DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033909

PMC ID: 6886942

PubMed ID: 31772112

SO-VID: 6ed7e316-990b-427a-9f8a-feca6ef97846

License:

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

History

Date received : 27 August 2019

Date revision received : 28 October 2019

Date accepted : 30 October 2019

Funding

Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000024, Canadian Institutes of Health Research;

Award ID: FRN: SCA-145102

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine

Keywords: neck pain,global assessment,psychometric properties,systematic review

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine

Keywords: neck pain, global assessment, psychometric properties, systematic review

Psychometric properties of the global rating of change scales in patients with neck disorders: a systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression

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Climate Change and Human Health

Most cited references 29

Psychometric properties of the Neck Disability Index and Numeric Pain Rating Scale in patients with mechanical neck pain.

Comparison of the Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation method and two shoulder rating scales. Outcomes measures after shoulder surgery.

The burden and determinants of neck pain in the general population: results of the Bone and Joint Decade 2000-2010 Task Force on Neck Pain and Its Associated Disorders.

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