First record of albinism for the doglike bat, Peropteryx kappleri Peters, 1867 (Chiroptera, Emballonuridae)

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Abstract

Albinism is a type of deficient in melanin production could be the result of genetic anomalies that are manifest as the absence of coloration of part or the entire body of an organism. This type of chromatic disorder can affect several vertebrate species, but is rarely found in nature. Among bats, more than 450 cases of total or partial loss of body pigmentation have been reported. Herein we provide the first report of albinism for the bat species Peropteryxkappleri (Chiroptera: Emballonuridae) with two such specimens being observed from iron formation caves in a conservation unit “Floresta Nacional de Carajás”, Amazon forest, northern of Brazil.

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The genetic basis of white tigers.

Xiao Xu, Gui-Xin Dong, Xue-Song Hu … (2013)

The white tiger, an elusive Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) variant with white fur and dark stripes, has fascinated humans for centuries ever since its discovery in the jungles of India. Many white tigers in captivity are inbred in order to maintain this autosomal recessive trait and consequently suffer some health problems, leading to the controversial speculation that the white tiger mutation is perhaps a genetic defect. However, the genetic basis of this phenotype remains unknown. Here, we conducted genome-wide association mapping with restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) in a pedigree of 16 captive tigers segregating at the putative white locus, followed by whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of the three parents. Validation in 130 unrelated tigers identified the causative mutation to be an amino acid change (A477V) in the transporter protein SLC45A2. Three-dimensional homology modeling suggests that the substitution may partially block the transporter channel cavity and thus affect melanogenesis. We demonstrate the feasibility of combining RAD-seq and WGS to rapidly map exotic variants in nonmodel organisms. Our results identify the basis of the longstanding white tiger mystery as the same gene underlying color variation in human, horse, and chicken and highlight its significance as part of the species' natural polymorphism that is viable in the wild. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Anomalous colour in Neotropical mammals: a review with new records for Didelphis sp. (Didelphidae, Didelphimorphia) and Arctocephalus australis (Otariidae, Carnivora)

MSL. Abreu, R. Machado, F Barbieri … (2013)

Anomalous colourations occur in many tropical vertebrates. However, they are considered rare in wild populations, with very few records for the majority of animal taxa. We report two new cases of anomalous colouration in mammals. Additionally, we compiled all published cases about anomalous pigmentation registered in Neotropical mammals, throughout a comprehensive review of peer reviewed articles between 1950 and 2010. Every record was classified as albinism, leucism, piebaldism or eventually as undetermined pigmentation. As results, we report the new record of a leucistic specimen of opossum (Didelphis sp.) in southern Brazil, as well as a specimen of South American fur seal (Arctocephalus australis) with piebaldism in Uruguay. We also found 31 scientific articles resulting in 23 records of albinism, 12 of leucism, 71 of piebaldism and 92 records classified as undetermined pigmentation. Anomalous colouration is apparently rare in small terrestrial mammals, but it is much more common in cetaceans and michrochiropterans. Out of these 198 records, 149 occurred in cetaceans and 30 in bats. The results related to cetaceans suggest that males and females with anomolous pigmentation are reproductively successful and as a consequence their frequencies are becoming higher in natural populations. In bats, this result can be related to the fact these animals orient themselves primarily through echolocation, and their refuges provide protection against light and predation. It is possible that anomalous colouration occurs more frequently in other Neotropical mammal orders, which were not formally reported. Therefore, we encourage researchers to publish these events in order to better understand this phenomenon that has a significant influence on animal survival.

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Coloración atípica en murciélagos: frecuencia y fenotipos en Norte y Centroamérica e islas del Caribe y nuevos casos para México y Costa Rica

Silvia Zalapa, Sergio Guerrero, María de Lourdes Romero-Almaraz … (2016)

Resumen: El registro de murciélagos con coloración atípica se ha incrementado en los últimos años, y la terminología que se emplea para reconocer los fenotipos es confusa. Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron: recopilar, clasificar y catalogar los casos de fenotipos atípicos para Norte y Centroamérica e islas del Caribe entre 1930 y 2014, y documentar 9 casos adicionales para México y Costa Rica. Todos los registros sumaron 317 casos de 25 especies, 17 géneros y 4 familias, provenientes de 6 países. Los ejemplares se agruparon en 4 categorías fenotípicas; la más común fue manchas blancas, con 274 registros, seguida de albino con 23, no agouti con 11 y descolorido con 4; además, 5 ejemplares tuvieron un fenotipo combinado. Los casos adicionales para México corresponden a 5 Artibeus lituratus, un Glossophaga soricina y el primer registro de Sturnira parvidens y de Nyctinomops femorosaccus. También se documentó el segundo caso para Costa Rica, Molossus sinaloae. Se desconocen las causas de la coloración atípica en los murciélagos. Se requiere de estudios genéticos y moleculares para entender su origen y el posible impacto en las poblaciones de murciélagos.