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      Heavy mineral suites as provenance indicators: La Meseta Formation (Eocene), Marambio (Seymour) Island, Antarctic Peninsula

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          Abstract

          Transparent heavy mineral suites from forty two samples of the Eocene La Meseta Formation, Marambio (Seymour) Island, Antarctica, were studied in order to obtain new data of heavy mineral detrital modes and to assess the source rocks and tectonic setting of the provenance area. This unit is the youngest formation exposed in the James Ross Basin. It developed at the rear of an active magmatic arc and holds some 6-7 km of Cretaceous-Paleogene clastic sedimentary rocks. The magmatic arc was related to oblique subduction of the Pacific and associated plates below the Antarctic Plate. Calc-alkaline magmatism migrated to the northwest and by Eocene times the arc would has been located some 150 km to the north-northwest of the Marambio area. The La Meseta Formation represents deltaic, estuarine and shallow marine sediments deposited mostly within a NW-SE incised valley cut down into Late Cretaceous and Paleocene sedimentary rocks. The 720 meters thick sedimentary column has been subdivided into six allomembers. Heavy mineral suites are dominated by green-brown hornblende, green-colorless augite-diopside?, garnet, opaques and epidote with minor amounts of hyperstene, zircon, apatite, kyanite, staurolite, zoicite, sphene and tourmaline. They were determined to represent those originally present in the parent rocks namely the metasedimentary Trinity Peninsula Group (TPG) and the calc-alkaline igneous (mainly volcanic) Antarctic Peninsula Volcanic Group (APVG) cropping out along the Antarctic Peninsula. Although garnets would also come from reworked Cretaceous and Paleocene rocks, textural evidences were not able to demonstrate it. Moreover, the unconsolidated nature of most of the rocks of the basin precludes the preservation of sedimentary rock fragments in the light mineral fraction. The relative abundances of MF, MT and GM mineral assemblages (Nechaev & Isphording, 1993) has permitted the characterization of the source area as a convergent continental margin. This is in agreement with most other data from the James Ross Basin. On the other hand, published data of QFL detrital modes from La Meseta Formation showed an upward increase in quartz and feldspar content interpreted as an unroofing trend. However, the heavy mineral suites do not record the same increase in basement participation, but they keep a high proportion of minerals belonging to the MF association. Non opaque heavy minerals from the La Meseta Formation have provided new data not recorded through the study of light minerals. In this particular case, they allowed to challenge earlier hypothesis of a simple uroofing trend and to envisage a more complex scenario with a still active volcanism for the Eocene of the northern Antarctic Peninsula.

          Translated abstract

          Con el fin de establecer las rocas que actuaron como fuente de sedimentos y el régimen tectónico del área de procedencia, se estudiaron las asociaciones de minerales pesados translúcidos de cuarenta y dos muestras de la Formación La Meseta (Eoceno), aflorante en la isla Marambio (Seymour), Antártida. La Formación La Meseta representa la unidad más jóven reconocida para la Cuenca James Ross. Esta cuenca se desarrolló por detrás de un arco magmático acumulando durante el Cretácico y el Paleógeno entre 6 y 7 km de sedimentos. Dicho arco magmático fue generado a partir de la subducción de la Placa Pacífica por debajo de la Placa Antártica. El magmatismo calco-alcalino fue migrando con el tiempo debido a la subducción oblicua y para el Eoceno se habría localizado a unos 150 km al NNW de la isla Marambio. La Formación La Meseta comprende sedimentitas de ambientes deltaicos, estuáricos y de plataforma mareal depositados mayormente dentro de un valle incidido con rumbo NW-SE que ha sido labrado sobre depósitos previos del Cretácico superior y Paleoceno. La asociación de minerales pesados está dominada por hornblenda verde y castaña, augita y/o diópsido incoloro a verde, granate y epidoto, con participación menor de opacos, hipersteno, cianita, estaurolita, titanita, circón, zoicita, turmalina y apatito. Se estableció que estos minerales se hallan presentes en las metasedimentitas del Grupo Trinity Peninsula (TPG) y en rocas ígneas (predominantemente volcánicas) calcoalcalinas del Grupo Volcánico Antarctic Peninsula (APVG) que afloran extensamente en la Península Antártica. Aún cuando los granates podrían provenir del retrabajo de rocas sedimentarias cretácicas y paleocenas, no hay evidencias que permitan demostrarlo. El análisis de la abundancia relativa de las asociaciones minerales MF, MT y GM permitió caracterizar el área de procedencia como un margen continental convergente. Esta asignación es concordante con otros estudios realizados en la Cuenca James Ross. Por otra parte, en estudios previos que involucraron la fracción de minerales livianos, las modas detríticas QFL indican el progresivo descabezamiento del arco magmático. Sin embargo las asociaciones de minerales pesados no muestran un cambio concomitante con esa tendencia y mantienen una alta participación de minerales pertenecientes a la asociación MF. El estudio de los minerales pesados translúcidos ha aportado nueva información que permite confrontar la hipótesis de un descabezamiento simple del arco magmático y sugerir un contexto más complejo con vulcanismo aún activo durante el Eoceno.

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          The Cenozoic subduction history of the Pacific margin of the Antarctic Peninsula: ridge crest-trench interactions

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            Detrital sedimentary rock classification and nomenclature for use in New Zealand

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              Antarctic Peninsular cryosphere: Early Oligocene (c. 30 Ma) initiation and a revised glacial chronology

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                raas
                Revista de la Asociación Argentina de Sedimentología
                Rev. Asoc. Argent. Sedimentol.
                Asociación Argentina de Sedimentología (La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina )
                1853-6360
                0328-1159
                June 1998
                : 5
                : 1
                : 9-19
                Affiliations
                [01] Buenos Aires orgnameInstituto Antártico Argentino Argentina
                [02] Buenos Aires orgnameUniversidad de Buenos Aires orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales orgdiv2Departamento de Ciencias Geológicas Argentina
                [03] orgnameConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
                Article
                S1853-63601998000100002
                6f09267b-3b7c-4bd1-96d7-3d34c831d6c0

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 15 July 1998
                : 21 July 1997
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 31, Pages: 11
                Product

                SciELO Argentina


                Antarctica,Heavy mineral suites,Provenance,Eocene,Asociación de minerales pesados,Procedencia,Eoceno,Antártida

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