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      HIV epidemiology. The early spread and epidemic ignition of HIV-1 in human populations.

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          Abstract

          Thirty years after the discovery of HIV-1, the early transmission, dissemination, and establishment of the virus in human populations remain unclear. Using statistical approaches applied to HIV-1 sequence data from central Africa, we show that from the 1920s Kinshasa (in what is now the Democratic Republic of Congo) was the focus of early transmission and the source of pre-1960 pandemic viruses elsewhere. Location and dating estimates were validated using the earliest HIV-1 archival sample, also from Kinshasa. The epidemic histories of HIV-1 group M and nonpandemic group O were similar until ~1960, after which group M underwent an epidemiological transition and outpaced regional population growth. Our results reconstruct the early dynamics of HIV-1 and emphasize the role of social changes and transport networks in the establishment of this virus in human populations.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Science
          Science (New York, N.Y.)
          American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
          1095-9203
          0036-8075
          Oct 03 2014
          : 346
          : 6205
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK. KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
          [2 ] Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK. Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK.
          [3 ] Departments of Biomathematics and Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1766, USA. Department of Biostatistics, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1766, USA.
          [4 ] KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
          [5 ] Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
          [6 ] Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK.
          [7 ] Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Department of Geography and Environment, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, UK.
          [8 ] KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. Centro de Malária e outras Doenças Tropicais and Unidade de Microbiologia, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal.
          [9 ] Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK.
          [10 ] Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Université de Sherbrooke, CHUS, 3001, 12ème Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada.
          [11 ] Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, University of Vigo, Vigo 36310, Spain.
          [12 ] Laboratoire Retrovirus, UMI233, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement and University of Montpellier, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP5045, 34032 Montpellier, France.
          [13 ] Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK. philippe.lemey@rega.kuleuven.be oliver.pybus@zoo.ox.ac.uk.
          [14 ] KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. philippe.lemey@rega.kuleuven.be oliver.pybus@zoo.ox.ac.uk.
          Article
          NIHMS638717 346/6205/56
          10.1126/science.1256739
          4254776
          25278604
          6f142697-3323-4db7-bd16-d6ee633d73b2
          Copyright © 2014, American Association for the Advancement of Science.
          History

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