4
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: not found
      • Article: not found

      Extrahepatic Outcomes of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

      , ,
      Clinics in Liver Disease
      Elsevier BV

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPubMed
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Related collections

          Most cited references105

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Gut microbiota in colorectal cancer: mechanisms of action and clinical applications

          Colorectal cancer (CRC) accounts for about 10% of all new cancer cases globally. Located at close proximity to the colorectal epithelium, the gut microbiota comprises a large population of microorganisms that interact with host cells to regulate many physiological processes, such as energy harvest, metabolism and immune response. Sequencing studies have revealed microbial compositional and ecological changes in patients with CRC, whereas functional studies in animal models have pinpointed the roles of several bacteria in colorectal carcinogenesis, including Fusobacterium nucleatum and certain strains of Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis. These findings give new opportunities to take advantage of our knowledge on the gut microbiota for clinical applications, such as gut microbiota analysis as screening, prognostic or predictive biomarkers, or modulating microorganisms to prevent cancer, augment therapies and reduce adverse effects of treatment. This Review aims to provide an overview and discussion of the gut microbiota in colorectal neoplasia, including relevant mechanisms in microbiota-related carcinogenesis, the potential of utilizing the microbiota as CRC biomarkers, and the prospect for modulating the microbiota for CRC prevention or treatment. These scientific findings will pave the way to clinically translate the use of gut microbiota for CRC in the near future.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: found
            Is Open Access

            The global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): a systematic review

            Background and Aims: NAFLD is a leading cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality. We assessed the global and regional prevalence, incidence, and mortality of NAFLD using an in-depth meta-analytic approach. Approach and Results: PubMed and Ovid MEDLINE were searched for NAFLD population-based studies from 1990 to 2019 survey year (last published 2022) per Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Meta-analysis was conducted using random-effects models. Bias risk assessment was per Joanna Briggs Institute. Of 2585 studies reviewed, 92 studies (N=9,361,716) met eligibility criteria. Across the study period (1990–2019), meta-analytic pooling of NAFLD prevalence estimates and ultrasound-defined NAFLD yielded an overall global prevalence of 30.05% (95% CI: 27.88%–32.32%) and 30.69% (28.4–33.09), respectively. Global NAFLD prevalence increased by +50.4% from 25.26% (21.59–29.33) in 1990–2006 to 38.00% (33.71–42.49) in 2016–2019 (p<0.001); ultrasound-defined NAFLD prevalence increased by +38.7% from 25.16% (19.46–31.87) in 1990–2006 to 34.59% (29.05–40.57) (p=0.029). The highest NAFLD prevalence was in Latin America 44.37% (30.66%–59.00%), then Middle East and North Africa (MENA) (36.53%, 28.63%–45.22%), South Asia (33.83%, 22.91%–46.79%), South-East Asia (33.07%, 18.99%–51.03%), North America (31.20%, 25.86%–37.08%), East Asia (29.71%, 25.96%–33.76%), Asia Pacific 28.02% (24.69%–31.60%), Western Europe 25.10% (20.55%–30.28%). Among the NAFLD cohort diagnosed without a liver biopsy, pooled mortality rate per 1000 PY was 12.60 (6.68–23.67) for all-cause mortality; 4.20 (1.34–7.05) for cardiac-specific mortality; 2.83 (0.78–4.88) for extrahepatic cancer-specific mortality; and 0.92 (0.00–2.21) for liver-specific mortality. Conclusions: NAFLD global prevalence is 30% and increasing which requires urgent and comprehensive strategies to raise awareness and address all aspects of NAFLD on local, regional, and global levels.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              The economic and clinical burden of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the United States and Europe.

              Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major cause of chronic liver disease. There is uncertainty around the economic burden of NAFLD. We constructed a steady-state prevalence model to quantify this burden in the United States and Europe. Five models were constructed to estimate the burden of NAFLD in the United States and four European countries. Models were built using a series of interlinked Markov chains, each representing age increments of the NAFLD and the general populations. Incidence and remission rates were calculated by calibrating against real-world prevalence rates. The data were validated using a computerized disease model called DisMod II. NAFLD patients transitioned between nine health states (nonalcoholic fatty liver, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis [NASH], NASH-fibrosis, NASH-compensated cirrhosis, NASH-decompensated cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, liver transplantation, post-liver transplant, and death). Transition probabilities were sourced from the literature and calibrated against real-world data. Utilities were obtained from NAFLD patients using the Short Form-6D. Costs were sourced from the literature and local fee schedules. In the United States, over 64 million people are projected to have NAFLD, with annual direct medical costs of about $103 billion ($1,613 per patient). In the Europe-4 countries (Germany, France, Italy, and United Kingdom), there are ∼52 million people with NAFLD with an annual cost of about €35 billion (from €354 to €1,163 per patient). Costs are highest in patients aged 45-65. The burden is significantly higher when societal costs are included.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Journal
                Clinics in Liver Disease
                Clinics in Liver Disease
                Elsevier BV
                10893261
                May 2023
                May 2023
                : 27
                : 2
                : 251-273
                Article
                10.1016/j.cld.2023.01.004
                37024206
                6f3455d1-debc-440b-8591-5dcf1460ebb8
                © 2023

                https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/

                https://doi.org/10.15223/policy-017

                https://doi.org/10.15223/policy-037

                https://doi.org/10.15223/policy-012

                https://doi.org/10.15223/policy-029

                https://doi.org/10.15223/policy-004

                History

                Comments

                Comment on this article