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      Familial Homozygous Hypercholesterolemia: Effective Long-Term Treatment with Cascade Double Filtration Plasmapheresis

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          Abstract

          Background: Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a rare disease with an incidence of 1 in 1 million births. It is characterized by blood cholesterol levels over 600 mg/dl and the development of extensive cutaneous xanthomata before the age of 5. Severe premature coronary artery disease results in fatal myocardial infarctions within the first two decades of life. The absence of LDL receptors makes homozygous FH resistant to treatment with most HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, and alternative methods of removing cholesterol have been employed. Methods: We used the ASAHI plasauto-IQ double filtration cascade plasmapheresis to treat 2 young brothers aged 14 and 11 years and 6 months for 5 years and 1 month and 3 years and 10 months, respectively. The elder brother has received 136 double filtration treatments at 2-week intervals and the younger brother 100 such treatments without complications. Results: During the period of treatment the average pretreatment total serum cholesterol level for patient 1 was 442 mg/dl. The average posttreatment value was 163 mg/dl. The average fall in total serum cholesterol with each treatment was 63.2%. The mean total serum cholesterol for all the periods of treatment was calculated at 303 mg/dl. For the 2nd patient, the average pretreatment value of total serum cholesterol was 435 mg/dl. The posttreatment value was 124 mg/dl and the average fall 71.5%. The calculated mean total serum cholesterol for all periods of treatment was 280 mg/dl. Conclusions: Double filtration cascade plasmapheresis at 2-week intervals provides an effective and safe long-term treatment for patients with homozygous FH. The achieved reduction in serum cholesterol allows complete resolution of cutaneous xanthomata, arrests previous atherosclerosis, and prolongs normal life.

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          Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Regression Study: a randomised trial of low-density-lipoprotein apheresis

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            An overview of the clinical safety profile of atorvastatin (lipitor), a new HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor.

            Statins (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A [HMG-CoA] reductase inhibitors) have been used for a decade to lower low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels and to improve cardiovascular disease and clinical outcomes. To evaluate the safety profile of atorvastatin (Lipitor). Data were pooled for 21 completed (2502 patients) and 23 ongoing (1769 patients) clinical trials of atorvastatin conducted in US and international community- and university-based research centers. In these trials, patients with lipid disorders received atorvastatin at dosages of 10 to 80 mg/d. The majority of patients had moderate to severe hypercholesterolemia and were treated from 4 weeks to more than 24 months. Transaminase and creatine phosphokinase levels and adverse events were recorded. Atorvastatin was well tolerated; fewer than 2% of the atorvastatin-treated patients withdrew due to drug-attributable adverse events. The overall adverse event profile for atorvastatin was similar to that observed with other statins. The most common adverse events with atorvastatin as well as with other statins tested were constipation, flatulence, dyspepsia, and abdominal pain. Approximately 5% of atorvastatin-treated patients had serious adverse events; only 2 of these events were possibly associated with treatment. Thirty patients (0.7%) had confirmed transaminase elevations greater than 3 times the upper limit of the normal range. Most elevations occurred within 16 weeks of beginning treatment. No patients had a conclusive characterization of drug-induced myopathy. The safety profile of atorvastatin was consistent with that of all statins tested and was similar to that seen in all compounds of this class.
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              Geographical clustering of low density lipoprotein receptor gene mutations (C292X; Q363X; D365E & C660X) in Cyprus

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                BPU
                Blood Purif
                10.1159/issn.0253-5068
                Blood Purification
                S. Karger AG
                0253-5068
                1421-9735
                2001
                2001
                26 February 2001
                : 19
                : 3
                : 308-313
                Affiliations
                Department of Nephrology, Nicosia General Hospital, Nicosia, Cyprus
                Article
                46959 Blood Purif 2001;19:308–313
                10.1159/000046959
                11244191
                6f412736-00a6-4422-adda-4f9baa436aee
                © 2001 S. Karger AG, Basel

                Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

                History
                Page count
                Figures: 4, References: 36, Pages: 6
                Categories
                Case Report

                Cardiovascular Medicine,Nephrology
                Atherosclerosis,Double filtration,Hypercholesterolemia,Xanthomata,Homozygous

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