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      Origami-inspired active graphene-based paper for programmable instant self-folding walking devices

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          Abstract

          Origami-inspired self-folding graphene papers show remote control grasping, manipulation, and walking behaviors.

          Abstract

          Origami-inspired active graphene-based paper with programmed gradients in vertical and lateral directions is developed to address many of the limitations of polymer active materials including slow response and violent operation methods. Specifically, we used function-designed graphene oxide as nanoscale building blocks to fabricate an all-graphene self-folding paper that has a single-component gradient structure. A functional device composed of this graphene paper can (i) adopt predesigned shapes, (ii) walk, and (iii) turn a corner. These processes can be remote-controlled by gentle light or heating. We believe that this self-folding material holds potential for a wide range of applications such as sensing, artificial muscles, and robotics.

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          Most cited references22

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          Carbon nanotube actuators

          Electromechanical actuators based on sheets of single-walled carbon nanotubes were shown to generate higher stresses than natural muscle and higher strains than high-modulus ferroelectrics. Like natural muscles, the macroscopic actuators are assemblies of billions of individual nanoscale actuators. The actuation mechanism (quantum chemical-based expansion due to electrochemical double-layer charging) does not require ion intercalation, which limits the life and rate of faradaic conducting polymer actuators. Unlike conventional ferroelectric actuators, low operating voltages of a few volts generate large actuator strains. Predictions based on measurements suggest that actuators using optimized nanotube sheets may eventually provide substantially higher work densities per cycle than any previously known technology.
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            Biomimetic superelastic graphene-based cellular monoliths.

            Many applications proposed for graphene require multiple sheets be assembled into a monolithic structure. The ability to maintain structural integrity upon large deformation is essential to ensure a macroscopic material which functions reliably. However, it has remained a great challenge to achieve high elasticity in three-dimensional graphene networks. Here we report that the marriage of graphene chemistry with ice physics can lead to the formation of ultralight and superelastic graphene-based cellular monoliths. Mimicking the hierarchical structure of natural cork, the resulting materials can sustain their structural integrity under a load of >50,000 times their own weight and can rapidly recover from >80% compression. The unique biomimetic hierarchical structure also provides this new class of elastomers with exceptionally high energy absorption capability and good electrical conductivity. The successful synthesis of such fascinating materials paves the way to explore the application of graphene in a self-supporting, structurally adaptive and 3D macroscopic form.
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              High-speed electrically actuated elastomers with strain greater than 100%

              Electrical actuators were made from films of dielectric elastomers (such as silicones) coated on both sides with compliant electrode material. When voltage was applied, the resulting electrostatic forces compressed the film in thickness and expanded it in area, producing strains up to 30 to 40%. It is now shown that prestraining the film further improves the performance of these devices. Actuated strains up to 117% were demonstrated with silicone elastomers, and up to 215% with acrylic elastomers using biaxially and uniaxially prestrained films. The strain, pressure, and response time of silicone exceeded those of natural muscle; specific energy densities greatly exceeded those of other field-actuated materials. Because the actuation mechanism is faster than in other high-strain electroactive polymers, this technology may be suitable for diverse applications.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Sci Adv
                Sci Adv
                SciAdv
                advances
                Science Advances
                American Association for the Advancement of Science
                2375-2548
                November 2015
                06 November 2015
                : 1
                : 10
                : e1500533
                Affiliations
                [1 ]State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People’s Republic of China.
                [2 ]Engineering Research Center of Advanced Glasses Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People’s Republic of China.
                Author notes
                [*]

                These authors contributed equally to this work.

                []Corresponding author. E-mail: wanghz@ 123456dhu.edu.cn (H.W.); zhangqh@ 123456dhu.edu.cn (Q.Z.)
                Article
                1500533
                10.1126/sciadv.1500533
                4640590
                26601135
                6f471097-e56f-44c2-bb35-8f1172a6d153
                Copyright © 2015, The Authors

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, so long as the resultant use is not for commercial advantage and provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 29 April 2015
                : 03 September 2015
                Funding
                Funded by: the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities;
                Award ID: ID0EEMCI3271
                Award ID: 2232014A3-06
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: NSF of China;
                Award ID: ID0EMUCI3762
                Award ID: 51172042
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China;
                Award ID: ID0EM3CI3763
                Award ID: IRT1221, No.111-2-04
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: STC of Shanghai;
                Award ID: ID0E43CI3764
                Award ID: 13JC1400200, 15ZR1401200
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: SRFDP;
                Award ID: ID0EM4CI3765
                Award ID: 20110075130001
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: China Postdoctoral Science Foundation;
                Award ID: ID0E24CI3766
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: Eastern Scholar;
                Award ID: ID0EK5CI3767
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities;
                Award ID: ID0EX5CI3768
                Award ID: 2232014A3-06
                Award Recipient :
                Categories
                Research Article
                Research Articles
                SciAdv r-articles
                Materials Science
                Custom metadata
                Abel Bellen

                origami,graphene paper,wearable device,self-folding
                origami, graphene paper, wearable device, self-folding

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