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Abstract
The structure and function of the brain can be described by complex network models,
and the topological properties of these models can be quantified by graph theoretical
analysis. This has given insight into brain regions, known as hubs, which are critical
for integrative functioning and information transfer, both fundamental aspects of
cognition. In this manuscript a hypothesis is put forward for the concept of cognitive
eloquence in neurosurgery; that is regions (cortical, subcortical and white matter)
of the brain which may not necessarily have readily identifiable neurological function,
but if injured may result in disproportionate cognitive morbidity. To this end, the
effects of neurosurgical resection on cognition is reviewed and an overview of the
role of complex network analysis in the understanding of brain structure and function
is provided. The literature describing network, behavioral, and cognitive effects
resulting from lesions to, and disconnections of, centralized hub regions will be
emphasized as evidence for the espousal of the concept of cognitive eloquence.