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      Impactos ambientais de efluentes de laticínios em curso d’água na Bacia do Rio Pomba Translated title: Environmental impacts of dairy effluent on waterway in the Pomba River Basin

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          Abstract

          RESUMO A atividade láctea tem importância econômica e ambiental na Bacia do Rio Pomba. Com o objetivo de determinar possíveis impactos ambientais dos efluentes lácteos em cursos d’água, foram caracterizados durante o ciclo de produção os efluentes de cinco laticínios. Para selecionar as variáveis importantes na caracterização dos efluentes, usou-se a análise dos componentes principais (ACP). Os dados obtidos foram comparados com as normas legais e foi simulado o impacto do lançamento de efluentes, com e sem tratamento, em um curso d’água. As variáveis mais representativas nas análises dos efluentes foram condutividade, demanda bioquímica de oxigênio (DBO), fósforo total, turbidez, temperatura e pH. Os laticínios não atendem aos padrões legais para lançamento de efluentes, mesmo com estações de tratamento instaladas. O principal motivo é o baixo aproveitamento do soro, associado à ineficiência no tratamento dos efluentes. Ao simular o lançamento de efluentes, concluiu-se que a redução da DBO deveria ser de 60 a 70% para que as águas do rio não ultrapassassem os limites legais para DBO. A simulação foi importante na determinação dos impactos causados pelos efluentes e pode ser aplicada em outros laticínios, a fim de assegurar que o efluente não cause alterações ambientais. Desenvolver produtos ou tecnologia para aproveitar melhor o soro em pequenos laticínios, tratar adequadamente os efluentes, além de diminuir o consumo de água, foram consideradas ações importantes para reduzir os impactos ambientais nos recursos hídricos.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Dairy activity has economic and environmental importance in the Pomba River Basin. Aiming to check for possible environmental impacts of dairy effluents on watercourses, five dairy effluents were characterized during the production cycle. To select the variables important for the characterization of effluents, it was applied a principal component analysis (PCA). Data obtained were compared with official regulations and it was simulated the impact of the discharge of effluents, treated or non-treated, on a waterway. The most significant variables in the effluent analysis were conductivity, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total phosphorus, turbidity, temperature and pH. Dairy plants do not comply with legal standards for effluent discharge, even with treatment plants installed. The main reason is the low use of whey, associated with inefficient treatment of effluents. By simulating the discharge of effluents, it can be concluded that the reduction of BOD should be 60-70% for the river water did not exceed the standard limits for BOD. The simulation was important to determine the impacts of dairy effluents and can be applied to other dairy plants in order to ensure that effluent cause no environmental damage. Developing products or technology for the better use of whey in small dairy plants, adequately treat the effluents, and reduce water consumption are considered important actions to reduce environmental impacts on water resources.

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          Most cited references23

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          Cheese whey management: a review.

          Cheese whey is simultaneously an effluent with nutritional value and a strong organic and saline content. Cheese whey management has been focused in the development of biological treatments without valorization; biological treatments with valorization; physicochemical treatments and direct land application. In the first case, aerobic digestion is reported. In the second case, six main processes are described in the literature: anaerobic digestion, lactose hydrolysis, fermentation to ethanol, hydrogen or lactic acid and direct production of electricity through microbial fuel cells. Thermal and isoelectric precipitation, thermocalcic precipitation, coagulation/flocculation, acid precipitation, electrochemical and membrane technologies have been considered as possible and attractive physicochemical processes to valorize or treat cheese whey. The direct land application is a common and longstanding practice, although some precautions are required. In this review, these different solutions are analyzed. The paper describes the main reactors used, the influence of the main operating variables, the microorganisms or reagents employed and the characterizations of the final effluent principally in terms of chemical oxygen demand. In addition, the experimental conditions and the main results reported in the literature are compiled. Finally, the comparison between the different treatment alternatives and the presentation of potential treatment lines are postulated.
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            Cheese whey wastewater: characterization and treatment.

            Cheese whey wastewater (CWW) is a strong organic and saline effluent whose characterization and treatment have not been sufficiently addressed. CWW composition is highly variable due to raw milk used, the fraction of non valorized cheese whey and the amount of cleaning water used. Cheese whey wastewater generation is roughly four times the volume of processed milk. This research tries to conduct an exhaustive compilation of CWW characterization and a comparative study between the different features of CWW, cheese whey (CW), second cheese whey (SCW) and dairy industry effluents. Different CWW existing treatments have also been critically analyzed. The advantages and drawbacks in aerobic/anaerobic processes have been evaluated. The benefits of physicochemical pre-stages (i.e. precipitation, coagulation-flocculation) in biological aerobic systems are assessed. Pre-treatments based on coagulation or basic precipitation might allow the application of aerobic biodegradation treatments with no dilution requirements. Chemical precipitation with lime or NaOH produces a clean wastewater and a sludge rich in organic matter, N and P. Their use in agriculture may lead to the implementation of Zero discharge systems.
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              Resolução nº 357, de 17 de março de 2005

              (2005)
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                esa
                Engenharia Sanitaria e Ambiental
                Eng. Sanit. Ambient.
                Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental - ABES (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                1413-4152
                1809-4457
                March 2018
                : 23
                : 2
                : 217-228
                Affiliations
                [2] Goiânia Goiás orgnameUniversidade Federal de Goiás Brazil
                [3] Goiânia Goiás orgnameUniversidade Federal de Goiás Brazil
                [1] Rio Pomba Minas Gerais orgnameInstituto Federal do Sudeste de Minas Gerais Brazil
                Article
                S1413-41522018000200217
                10.1590/s1413-41522018138062
                6f6b42a6-e0cb-4eae-9a0c-ac9908944873

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 22 July 2014
                : 30 January 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 38, Pages: 12
                Product

                SciELO Brazil


                whey,soro de leite,resíduos líquidos,impacto ambiental,modelagem,wastewater,environmental impact,modeling

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