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      Disability, physical activity, and health-related quality of life in Australian adults: An investigation using 19 waves of a longitudinal cohort

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          Abstract

          Background

          Any form of long-term physical or mental impairment might negatively influence health-related quality of life (HRQoL). HRQoL, as an independent concept, covers a wide range of characteristics that includes physical, mental, social, and spiritual functions. People with disabilities are continuously exposed to multiple barriers that deteriorate their HRQoL. It also creates impairment in performing physical activities. However, experts opine regular physical exercise as an intervention to help disabled people. This research aims to investigate the association between disability and physical activity with HRQoL among the adult population in Australia.

          Design

          A retrospective cohort study.

          Methods

          This study utilized the most recent 19 waves of data (2002–2020) from the nationally representative Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey. Component summary scores such as physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS), and SF-6D utility scores were utilized to measure HRQoL. Random-effects GLS regression technique was fitted to estimate the association between disability and physical activity with HRQoL, after adjusting for a range of socio-demographic and health-related characteristics.

          Results

          Disability was negatively associated with the PCS (-5.95), MCS (-2.70) and SF-6D (-0.060) compared with non-disabled counterparts. However, respondents engaged in the recommended level of physical activity had substantial gain in PCS (b = 0.96), MCS (1.57), and SF-6D (0.021) scores. Besides, the results showed that performing the recommended level of physical activity in the presence of disability has lessen the negative effect of disability/ positive moderating effect of physical activity on PCS, MCS, and SF-6D scores by 1.84 points, 0.82 points, and 0.013 percentage points, respectively.

          Conclusion

          This study found an inverse association between disability and HRQoL among Australian adults. However, physical activity was associated with improved HRQoL. Therefore, public health interventions, such as the orientation of physical activities, have a higher potential to dwindle the burden regarding HRQoL.

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          Most cited references48

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          World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour

          Fiona Bull, Salih Al-Ansari, Stuart Biddle … (2020)
          Objectives To describe new WHO 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Methods The guidelines were developed in accordance with WHO protocols. An expert Guideline Development Group reviewed evidence to assess associations between physical activity and sedentary behaviour for an agreed set of health outcomes and population groups. The assessment used and systematically updated recent relevant systematic reviews; new primary reviews addressed additional health outcomes or subpopulations. Results The new guidelines address children, adolescents, adults, older adults and include new specific recommendations for pregnant and postpartum women and people living with chronic conditions or disability. All adults should undertake 150–300 min of moderate-intensity, or 75–150 min of vigorous-intensity physical activity, or some equivalent combination of moderate-intensity and vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity, per week. Among children and adolescents, an average of 60 min/day of moderate-to-vigorous intensity aerobic physical activity across the week provides health benefits. The guidelines recommend regular muscle-strengthening activity for all age groups. Additionally, reducing sedentary behaviours is recommended across all age groups and abilities, although evidence was insufficient to quantify a sedentary behaviour threshold. Conclusion These 2020 WHO guidelines update previous WHO recommendations released in 2010. They reaffirm messages that some physical activity is better than none, that more physical activity is better for optimal health outcomes and provide a new recommendation on reducing sedentary behaviours. These guidelines highlight the importance of regularly undertaking both aerobic and muscle strengthening activities and for the first time, there are specific recommendations for specific populations including for pregnant and postpartum women and people living with chronic conditions or disability. These guidelines should be used to inform national health policies aligned with the WHO Global Action Plan on Physical Activity 2018–2030 and to strengthen surveillance systems that track progress towards national and global targets.
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            Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1·9 million participants

            Regina Guthold, Gretchen Stevens, Leanne Riley … (2018)
            Insufficient physical activity is a leading risk factor for non-communicable diseases, and has a negative effect on mental health and quality of life. We describe levels of insufficient physical activity across countries, and estimate global and regional trends.
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              Physical activity and public health: updated recommendation for adults from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association.

              William Haskell, I-Min Lee, Russell R. Pate … (2007)
              In 1995 the American College of Sports Medicine and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention published national guidelines on Physical Activity and Public Health. The Committee on Exercise and Cardiac Rehabilitation of the American Heart Association endorsed and supported these recommendations. The purpose of the present report is to update and clarify the 1995 recommendations on the types and amounts of physical activity needed by healthy adults to improve and maintain health. Development of this document was by an expert panel of scientists, including physicians, epidemiologists, exercise scientists, and public health specialists. This panel reviewed advances in pertinent physiologic, epidemiologic, and clinical scientific data, including primary research articles and reviews published since the original recommendation was issued in 1995. Issues considered by the panel included new scientific evidence relating physical activity to health, physical activity recommendations by various organizations in the interim, and communications issues. Key points related to updating the physical activity recommendation were outlined and writing groups were formed. A draft manuscript was prepared and circulated for review to the expert panel as well as to outside experts. Comments were integrated into the final recommendation. To promote and maintain health, all healthy adults aged 18 to 65 yr need moderate-intensity aerobic (endurance) physical activity for a minimum of 30 min on five days each week or vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity for a minimum of 20 min on three days each week. [I (A)] Combinations of moderate- and vigorous-intensity activity can be performed to meet this recommendation. [IIa (B)] For example, a person can meet the recommendation by walking briskly for 30 min twice during the week and then jogging for 20 min on two other days. Moderate-intensity aerobic activity, which is generally equivalent to a brisk walk and noticeably accelerates the heart rate, can be accumulated toward the 30-min minimum by performing bouts each lasting 10 or more minutes. [I (B)] Vigorous-intensity activity is exemplified by jogging, and causes rapid breathing and a substantial increase in heart rate. In addition, every adult should perform activities that maintain or increase muscular strength and endurance a minimum of two days each week. [IIa (A)] Because of the dose-response relation between physical activity and health, persons who wish to further improve their personal fitness, reduce their risk for chronic diseases and disabilities or prevent unhealthy weight gain may benefit by exceeding the minimum recommended amounts of physical activity. [I (A)].
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Syed Afroz Keramat: Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: Funding acquisitionRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: ResourcesRole: SoftwareRole: SupervisionRole: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Benojir Ahammed:
                ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8208-9579
                Role: Project administrationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Aliu Mohammed: Role: Project administrationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Abdul-Aziz Seidu:
                ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9734-9054
                Role: Project administrationRole: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Fariha Farjana: Role: Project administrationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Rubayyat Hashmi: Role: Project administrationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Kabir Ahmad:
                ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0208-5725
                Role: Project administrationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Rezwanul Haque: Role: Project administrationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Sazia Ahmed: Role: Project administrationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Mohammad Afshar Ali: Role: Project administrationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Bright Opoku Ahinkorah: Role: Project administrationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Andrea Gruneir: Role: Editor
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS One
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLoS One
                Journal ID (publisher-id): plos
                Title: PLoS ONE
                Publisher: Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1932-6203
                Publication date (Electronic): 12 May 2022
                Publication date Collection: 2022
                Volume: 17
                Issue: 5
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Economics Discipline, Social Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
                [2 ] School of Business, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
                [3 ] Centre for Health Services Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane Australia
                [4 ] Statistics Discipline, Science, Engineering, Technology School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
                [5 ] Department of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
                [6 ] Centre For Gender and Advocacy, Takoradi Technical University, Takoradi, Ghana
                [7 ] College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville Australia
                [8 ] QUT Business School, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
                [9 ] Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre (QUMPRC), Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia
                [10 ] Department of Economics, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
                [11 ] School of Public Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
                University of Alberta, CANADA
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                Article
                Publisher ID: PONE-D-21-37612
                DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268304
                PMC ID: 9098066
                PubMed ID: 35552556
                SO-VID: 6f8db79f-640a-4892-a692-01f74385b689
                Copyright statement: © 2022 Keramat et al
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                Page count
                Figures: 3, Tables: 5, Pages: 17
                Product
                Funding
                The author(s) received no specific funding for this work.
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Public and Occupational Health
                Subject: Physical Activity
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Medical Conditions
                Subject: Disabilities
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Mental Health and Psychiatry
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Health Care
                Subject: Quality of Life
                Subject: People and Places
                Subject: Geographical Locations
                Subject: Oceania
                Subject: Australia
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Nutrition
                Subject: Diet
                Subject: Alcohol Consumption
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Nutrition
                Subject: Diet
                Subject: Alcohol Consumption
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Psychology
                Subject: Behavior
                Subject: Sedentary Behavior
                Subject: Social Sciences
                Subject: Psychology
                Subject: Behavior
                Subject: Sedentary Behavior
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Public and Occupational Health
                Custom metadata
                Data Availability Availability of data and materials The data used for the study were collected by the Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research. There are some restrictions on accessing this data and it is not available to the public. Those interested in accessing this data should contact the Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia (Tel: +61 3 8344 2073 or Fax: +61 3 9347 6739).

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized

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