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      Collagen-derived proline promotes pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell survival under nutrient limited conditions

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          Abstract

          Tissue architecture contributes to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) phenotypes. Cancer cells within PDAC form gland-like structures embedded in a collagen-rich meshwork where nutrients and oxygen are scarce. Altered metabolism is needed for tumour cells to survive in this environment, but the metabolic modifications that allow PDAC cells to endure these conditions are incompletely understood. Here we demonstrate that collagen serves as a proline reservoir for PDAC cells to use as a nutrient source when other fuels are limited. We show PDAC cells are able to take up collagen fragments, which can promote PDAC cell survival under nutrient limited conditions, and that collagen-derived proline contributes to PDAC cell metabolism. Finally, we show that proline oxidase (PRODH1) is required for PDAC cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, our results indicate that PDAC extracellular matrix represents a nutrient reservoir for tumour cells highlighting the metabolic flexibility of this cancer.

          Abstract

          Cancer cells adapt their metabolism to survive limited nutrient availability. Here, the authors show that in conditions of limited glucose or glutamine availability, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells can use collagen-derived proline to foster the TCA cycle and allow cell survival both in vitro and in vivo.

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          Most cited references25

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          Oncogenic Kras Maintains Pancreatic Tumors through Regulation of Anabolic Glucose Metabolism

          Tumor maintenance relies on continued activity of driver oncogenes, although their rate-limiting role is highly context dependent. Oncogenic Kras mutation is the signature event in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), serving a critical role in tumor initiation. Here, an inducible Kras(G12D)-driven PDAC mouse model establishes that advanced PDAC remains strictly dependent on Kras(G12D) expression. Transcriptome and metabolomic analyses indicate that Kras(G12D) serves a vital role in controlling tumor metabolism through stimulation of glucose uptake and channeling of glucose intermediates into the hexosamine biosynthesis and pentose phosphate pathways (PPP). These studies also reveal that oncogenic Kras promotes ribose biogenesis. Unlike canonical models, we demonstrate that Kras(G12D) drives glycolysis intermediates into the nonoxidative PPP, thereby decoupling ribose biogenesis from NADP/NADPH-mediated redox control. Together, this work provides in vivo mechanistic insights into how oncogenic Kras promotes metabolic reprogramming in native tumors and illuminates potential metabolic targets that can be exploited for therapeutic benefit in PDAC. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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            Activated Kras and Ink4a/Arf deficiency cooperate to produce metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

            Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma ranks among the most lethal of human malignancies. Here, we assess the cooperative interactions of two signature mutations in mice engineered to sustain pancreas-specific Cre-mediated activation of a mutant Kras allele (KrasG12D) and deletion of a conditional Ink4a/Arf tumor suppressor allele. The phenotypic impact of KrasG12D alone was limited primarily to the development of focal premalignant ductal lesions, termed pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias (PanINs), whereas the sole inactivation of Ink4a/Arf failed to produce any neoplastic lesions in the pancreas. In combination, KrasG12D expression and Ink4a/Arf deficiency resulted in an earlier appearance of PanIN lesions and these neoplasms progressed rapidly to highly invasive and metastatic cancers, resulting in death in all cases by 11 weeks. The evolution of these tumors bears striking resemblance to the human disease, possessing a proliferative stromal component and ductal lesions with a propensity to advance to a poorly differentiated state. These findings in the mouse provide experimental support for the widely accepted model of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma in which activated KRAS serves to initiate PanIN lesions, and the INK4A/ARF tumor suppressors function to constrain the malignant conversion of these PanIN lesions into lethal ductal adenocarcinoma. This faithful mouse model may permit the systematic analysis of genetic lesions implicated in the human disease and serve as a platform for the identification of early disease markers and for the efficient testing of novel therapies.
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              Defining macropinocytosis.

              Macropinocytosis represents a distinct pathway of endocytosis in mammalian cells. This actin-driven endocytic process is not directly co-ordinated by the presence of cargo but can be induced upon activation of growth factor signalling pathways. The capacity to dissect the contribution of macropinocytosis to cellular processes has been hampered by a lack of unique molecular markers and defining features. While aspects of macropinosome formation and maturation are common to those shared by the other endocytic pathways, a number of key differences have recently begun to emerge and will be discussed in this study. It is now well established that macropinocytosis significantly contributes to antigen presentation by the immune system and is exploited by a range of pathogens for cellular invasion and avoidance of immune surveillance.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Nat Commun
                Nat Commun
                Nature Communications
                Nature Publishing Group
                2041-1723
                07 July 2017
                2017
                : 8
                : 16031
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Unité 1068, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale , Marseille F-13009, France
                [2 ]Institut Paoli-Calmettes (IPC) , Marseille F-13009, France
                [3 ]Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR 7258), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) , Marseille F-13009, France
                [4 ]Université Aix-Marseille , Marseille F-13284, France
                [5 ]Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow , Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
                [6 ]Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
                [7 ]Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CRO2 , Marseille F-13005, France
                [8 ]Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
                Author notes
                [*]

                These authors contributed equally to this work.

                Article
                ncomms16031
                10.1038/ncomms16031
                5504351
                28685754
                6fa1e285-55cb-4745-b70c-d67726968a11
                Copyright © 2017, The Author(s)

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                : 06 January 2016
                : 23 May 2017
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