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      Indoor culture scaling of Gracilaria chilensis (Florideophyceae, Rhodophyta): The effects of nutrients by means of different culture media Translated title: Escalada de cultivo en interiores de Gracilaria chilensis (Florideophyceae, Rhodophyta): Efectos de los nutrientes por diferentes medios de cultivo

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          Abstract

          Abstract. Gracilaria chilensis is distributed in New Zealand (including Chatham Island) and South America. This species has a three-stage sexual life cycle, as well as asexual and vegetative reproduction, and is commercially important as it is a valuable source for producing agar. However, basing the crops exclusively on clonal reproduction and vegetative propagation has led to a reduction in their genotypic diversity, an increase in their susceptibility to infection by epiphytes, and a decrease in their quality. Thus, it is important to establish indoor cultures of G. chilensis from thalli with a mixed reproductive regime (sexual and asexual) that maintains the genetic variability of the cultivars. In this study, the biomass, growth rate, and productivity of indoor cultures of G. chilensis were evaluated (as a first approach) using various culture media [i.e., von Stosch medium (VS), Basfoliar® Aktiv (BF), and mixtures of VS and BF, namely, VS/BF-A and VS/BF-B]. The VS/BF-A medium showed the best results in terms of biomass (51.8 ± 3.7 g m-2), growth rate (4.55 ± 0.43 %d-1), and productivity (14 g m-2 d-1), including the occurrence of thalli with cystocarps. The positive results using the VS/BF-A medium could be attributed to the fact that BF provides different elements (K, Cu, Mo, and Zn) that are crucial, since they are involved in numerous physiological functions in the algae, and also to the N:P ratio utilized (1:1), which positively affects growth and productivity. This information provides pivotal updated knowledge regarding cultures of G. chilensis under controlled conditions, promoting its successful cultivation for productive purposes.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen: Gracilaria chilensis se distribuye en Nueva Zelanda (incluida la Isla Chatham) y Sudamérica. Esta especie tiene un ciclo de vida sexual de tres fases, así como una reproducción asexual y vegetativa, y es comercialmente importante, ya que es una valiosa fuente para producir agar. Sin embargo, los cultivos basados exclusivamente en la reproducción clonal y la propagación vegetativa han provocado una reducción de la diversidad genotípica, incrementando la susceptibilidad a la infección por epifitos y una disminución de la calidad. Por ello, es importante establecer cultivos de interior de G. chilensis a partir de talos, con un régimen reproductivo mixto (sexual y asexual), que mantenga la variabilidad genética de los cultivares. En este estudio, fue evaluada (como primera aproximación) la biomasa, la tasa de crecimiento y la productividad de los cultivos de interior de G. chilensis utilizando varios medios de cultivo [i.e., medio von Stosch (VS), Basfoliar® Aktiv (BF), y mezclas de VS y BF, es decir, VS/BF-A y VS/BF-B]. El medio VS/BF-A mostró los mejores resultados en términos de biomasa (51,8 ± 3,7 g m-2), tasa de crecimiento (4,55 ± 0,43 %d-1) y productividad (14 g m-2 d-1), incluyendo la ocurrencia de talos con cistocarpos. Los resultados positivos utilizando el medio VS/BF-A podrían atribuirse al hecho de que el BF proporciona diferentes elementos (K, Cu, Mo y Zn) que son cruciales, ya que están involucrados en numerosas funciones fisiológicas en las algas, y la razón N:P utilizada (1:1) ya que afecta positivamente al crecimiento y la productividad. Esta información proporciona un conocimiento actualizado fundamental sobre los cultivos de G. chilensis en condiciones controladas, promoviendo su cultivo exitoso con fines productivos.

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          Most cited references43

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            Cultivation of seaweed Gracilaria in Chinese coastal waters and its contribution to environmental improvements

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              Genetic variation in wild and cultivated populations of the haploid-diploid red alga Gracilaria chilensis: how farming practices favor asexual reproduction and heterozygosity.

              The extent of changes in genetic diversity and life-history traits associated with farming was investigated in the haploid-diploid red alga, Gracilaria chilensis, cultivated in Chile. This alga belongs to one of the most frequently cultivated seaweed genera around the world. Fifteen farmed populations, 11 wild populations, and two subspontaneous populations were sampled along the Chilean coast. The frequency of reproductive versus vegetative individuals and of haploid versus diploid individuals was checked in each population. In addition, the distribution of genetic variation in wild and cultivated populations was analyzed using six microsatellite markers. Our results first demonstrated that farmed populations are maintained almost exclusively by vegetative propagation. Moreover, the predominance of diploid individuals in farms showed that farming practices had significantly modified life-history traits as compared to wild populations. Second, the expected reduction in genetic diversity due to a cultivation bottleneck and subsequent clonal propagation was detected in farms. Finally, our study suggested that cultural practices in the southern part of the country contributed to the spread of selected genotypes at a local scale. Altogether, these results document for the first time that involuntary selection could operate during the first step of domestication in a marine plant.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                revbiolmar
                Revista de biología marina y oceanografía
                Rev. biol. mar. oceanogr.
                Universidad de Valparaíso. Facultad de Ciencias del Mar (Valparaíso, , Chile )
                0718-1957
                December 2021
                : 56
                : 3
                : 186-199
                Affiliations
                [1] Santiago orgnameUniversidad Andres Bello orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida orgdiv2Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad Chile
                [4] Santiago orgnameInstituto Milenio en Socio-Ecología Costera (SECOS) Chile
                [2] Quintay orgnameUniversidad Andres Bello orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida orgdiv2Centro de Investigación Marina Quintay (CIMARQ) Chile
                [3] Santiago orgnameCenter of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES) Chile
                Article
                S0718-19572021000300186 S0718-1957(21)05600300186
                10.22370/rbmo.2021.56.3.3180
                6fbe371f-e59c-404b-b719-5c1c41e5129b

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 25 October 2021
                : 07 January 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 43, Pages: 14
                Product

                SciELO Chile


                crecimiento,productivity,Gracilaria chilensis,cultivo en interior,productividad,indoor culture,growth

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