5
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Photoprotection by Workwear: Ultraviolet Protection Factors for Artificial Radiation from Welding Arcs

      research-article
      1 ,
      Photochemistry and Photobiology
      John Wiley and Sons Inc.

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Photoprotection by clothing is one of the most effective protective measures against solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR), and the related concept of UV protection factors (UPF) for fabrics has proven itself for decades. Although immense work has been carried out regarding factors influencing textile sun protection, the idea of UPFs for artificial UVR, if necessary with different action spectra, is payed little attention. In this work, a modified UPF equation is proposed utilizing welding arcs and the ICNIRP action spectrum. These welding UPFs (wUPF) were calculated for some workwear as a function of welding power, technique and welded material. No wUPF welding power dependence existed. By means of normalized standard emission spectra, that were further clustered with regard to welding technique, it was found that the wUPF depends exclusively on the fabric’s transmittance and the ICNIRP weighting function yielding a reduced wUPF formula. Finally, a comparison of solar and welding UPFs, based on either their full or reduced equations, is discussed.

          Abstract

          Ultraviolet protection factors (UPF) for clothing are based on the solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) spectrum in conjunction with the CIE erythema weighting function and consider the textile’s UVR transmittance for wavelengths above 290 nm. However, workwear exposed to welding arcs that emit significant UVR at shorter wavelengths has to fulfill additional textile photoprotection criteria. Therefore, a welding UPF (wUPF) is proposed taking into account the welding arc’s full UVR emission spectrum and ICNIRP’s relative spectral effectiveness for UVR hazards. Analyzing the new protection factor regarding welding power, technique and welded material led to a reduced wUPF equation.

          Related collections

          Most cited references15

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: not found
          • Article: not found

          Guidelines on limits of exposure to ultraviolet radiation of wavelengths between 180 nm and 400 nm (incoherent optical radiation).

          (2004)
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: not found
            • Article: not found

            ICNIRP statement--Protection of workers against ultraviolet radiation.

            (2010)
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Photoprotection: a review of the current and future technologies.

              Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation is associated with a variety of harmful effects ranging from photoaging to skin cancer. UVB (290 to 320 nm) directly damages the cellular DNA leading to the formation of the 6-4 cyclobutane pyrimidine dimmers, and UVA (320 to 400 nm) indirectly damages the DNA via the production of oxygen radical species. In this review, we focused on the technological and scientific aspects of photoprotection using sunglasses and clothing while attempting to dispel some of the misconceptions. In addition to the basic knowledge relating to sunscreens, we reviewed the current guidelines for testing and labeling UVA protection around the world, controversies associated with nanoparticles, and future sunscreens actives waiting for the Food and Drug Administration approval. Lastly, we reviewed alternative agents, such as antioxidants, that can be used to supplement and augment photoprotection provided by sunscreens.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                bauer.stefan@baua.bund.de
                Journal
                Photochem Photobiol
                Photochem. Photobiol
                10.1111/(ISSN)1751-1097
                PHP
                Photochemistry and Photobiology
                John Wiley and Sons Inc. (Hoboken )
                0031-8655
                1751-1097
                22 January 2020
                Jul-Aug 2020
                : 96
                : 4 ( doiID: 10.1111/php.v96.4 )
                : 917-925
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA) Dortmund Germany
                Author notes
                [*] [* ] Corresponding author email: bauer.stefan@ 123456baua.bund.de (Stefan Bauer)

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5073-493X
                Article
                PHP13194
                10.1111/php.13194
                7496200
                6fe1b78a-4e67-4065-9cac-23022eee6d19
                © 2019 The Authors. Photochemistry and Photobiology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Photobiology

                This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 23 July 2019
                : 30 October 2019
                : 09 November 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 5, Tables: 3, Pages: 9, Words: 7416
                Categories
                Research Article
                Research Articles
                Custom metadata
                2.0
                July/August 2020
                Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_JATSPMC version:5.9.0 mode:remove_FC converted:11.09.2020

                Comments

                Comment on this article