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      Aspectos éticos del servicio de telemedicina de una mutua laboral Translated title: Ethical aspects of a telemedicine service in a mutual insurance company Translated title: Aspectes ètics del servei de telemedicina en una mútua laboral

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          Abstract

          Resumen MC Mutual es una mutua laboral que en 2021 inició un proyecto de telemedicina (TM), con el propósito de crear un modelo asistencial más sostenible y eficiente. Objetivo: Revisar los aspectos éticos y fortalezas del proyecto. Metodología: Revisión de la documentación existente en MC Mutual relativa a TM, entrevistas con el Director del proyecto y con dos profesionales del equipo de TM, sesión formativa y taller de simulación en el uso de la herramienta de TM. Resultados: Es un proyecto que desde su implementación contempló aspectos éticos esenciales: relación médico-paciente basada en un examen personal y conocimiento suficiente del historial médico del paciente, en la confianza y respeto mutuo; elaboración de consentimientos informados específicos; autonomía profesional para decidir el tipo de consulta más apropiado; disposición de los sistemas de telecomunicación con los requisitos necesarios; medidas de evaluación que preserven la calidad de la atención, seguridad del paciente, el mejor diagnóstico y prácticas de tratamiento posibles. Conclusiones: El proyecto de TM representa una oportunidad de mejora en la atención de los pacientes localizados en los centros asistenciales, haciendo que personal altamente capacitado esté disponible para pacientes y profesionales sanitarios que así lo requieran manteniendo condiciones óptimas de seguridad y calidad en la atención del paciente. Adicionalmente facilita el trabajo colaborativo entre profesionales sanitarios de centros asistenciales y centros de referencia.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract MC Mutual is a mutual insurance company that started a telemedicine (TM) project in 2021 with the purpose of creating a more sustainable and efficient assistential model. Objective: To review the ethical aspects and strengths of the project. Methods: Review of the existing documentation in MC Mutual related to TM, interviews with the project director and with two professionals of the TM team, academic sessions and simulation training in the use of the TM tool. Results: It is a project that, since its implementation, has contemplated essential ethical aspects: physician-patient relationship based on a personal examination and a sufficient knowledge of the patient's clinical record, mutual trust and respect; preparation of specific informed consents, professional autonomy to decide the most appropriate type of consultation; provision of telecommunication systems with the necessary requirements; evaluation measures to preserve quality of attention, patient safety, the best possible diagnosis and treatment practices. Conclusions: The TM project represents an opportunity of improvement in the attention of patients located at assistential healthcare centers, making highly qualified personnel available to patients and health professionals who require it, keeping optimal conditions in patient safety and quality of attention. Additionally, it facilitates collaborative work between health workers from healthcare centers and reference centers.

          Translated abstract

          Resum MC Mutual és una mútua laboral que en 2021 va iniciar un projecte de telemedicina (TM), amb el propòsit de crear un model assistencial més sostenible i eficient. Objectiu: Revisar els aspectes ètics i fortaleses del projecte. Metodologia: Revisió de la documentació existent en MC Mutual relativa a TM, entrevistes amb el Director del projecte i amb dos professionals de l'equip de TM, sessió formativa i taller de simulació en l'ús de l'eina de TM. Resultats: És un projecte que des de la seva implementació va contemplar aspectes ètics essencials: relació metge-pacient basada en un examen personal i coneixement suficient de l'historial mèdic del pacient, en la confiança i respecte mutu; elaboració de consentiments informats específics; autonomia professional per a decidir el tipus de consulta més apropiat; disposició dels sistemes de telecomunicació amb els requisits necessaris; mesures d'avaluació que preservin la qualitat de l'atenció, seguretat del pacient, el millor diagnòstic i pràctiques de tractament possibles. Conclusions: El projecte de TM representa una oportunitat de millora en l'atenció dels pacients localitzats en els centres assistencials, fent que personal altament capacitat estigui disponible per a pacients i professionals sanitaris que així ho requereixin mantenint condicions òptimes de seguretat i qualitat en l'atenció del pacient. Addicionalment facilita el treball col·laboratiu entre professionals sanitaris de centres assistencials i centres de referència.

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          Telemedicine Practice: Review of the Current Ethical and Legal Challenges

          Background: Telemedicine involves medical practice and information and communications technology. It has been proven to be very effective for remote health care, especially in areas with poor provision of health facilities. However, implementation of these technologies is often hampered by various issues. Among these, ethical and legal concerns are some of the more complex and diverse ones. In this study, an analysis of scientific literature was carried out to identify the ethical and legal challenges of telemedicine. Materials and Methods: English literature, published between 2010 and 2019, was searched on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science by using keywords, including “Telemedicine,” “Ethics,” “Malpractice,” “Telemedicine and Ethics,” “Telemedicine and Informed consent,” and “telemedicine and malpractice.” Different types of articles were analyzed, including research articles, review articles, and qualitative studies. The abstracts were evaluated according to the selection criteria, using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale criteria, and the final analysis led to the inclusion of 22 articles. Discussion: From the aforementioned sample, we analyzed elements that may be indicative of the efficacy of telemedicine in an adequate time frame. Ethical aspects such as informed consent, protection data, confidentiality, physician's malpractice, and liability and telemedicine regulations were considered. Conclusions: Our objective was to highlight the current status and identify what still needs to be implemented in telemedicine with respect to ethical and legal standards. Gaps emerged between current legislation, legislators, service providers, different medical services, and most importantly patient interaction with his/her data and the use of that data.
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            Ethical practice in Telehealth and Telemedicine

            This article summarizes the report of the American Medical Association's (AMA) Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs (CEJA) on ethical practice in telehealth and telemedicine. Through its reports and recommendations, CEJA is responsible for maintaining and updating the AMA Code of Medical Ethics (Code). CEJA reports are developed through an iterative process of deliberation with input from multiple stakeholders; report recommendations, once adopted by the AMA House of Delegates, become ethics policy of the AMA and are issued as Opinions in the Code. To provide enduring guidance for the medical profession as a whole, CEJA strives to articulate expectations for conduct that are as independent of specific technologies or models of practice as possible. The present report, developed at the request of the House of Delegates, provides broad guidance for ethical conduct relating to key issues in telehealth/telemedicine. The report and recommendations were debated at meetings of the House in June and November 2015; recommendations were adopted in June 2016 and published as Opinion E-1.2.12, Ethical Practice in Telemedicine, in November 2016. A summary of the key points of the recommendations can be found in Appendix A (online), and the full text of the opinion can be found in Appendix B (online).
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              Application of Ethics for Providing Telemedicine Services and Information Technology

              Introduction: Advanced technology has increased the use of telemedicine and Information Technology (IT) in treating or rehabilitating diseases. An increased use of technology increases the importance of the ethical issues involved. The need for keeping patients’ information confidential and secure, controlling a number of therapists’ inefficiency as well as raising the quality of healthcare services necessitates adequate heed to ethical issues in telemedicine provision. Aim: The goal of this review is gathering all articles that are published through 5 years until now (2012-2017) for detecting ethical issues for providing telemedicine services and Information technology. The reason of this time is improvement of telemedicine and technology through these years. This article is important for clinical practice and also to world, because of knowing ethical issues in telemedicine and technology are always important factors for physician and health providers. Material and methods: the required data in this research were derived from published electronic sources and credible academic articles published in such databases as PubMed, Scopus and Science Direct. The following key words were searched for in separation and combination: tele-health, telemedicine, ethical issues in telemedicine. A total of 503 articles were found. After excluding the duplicates (n= 93), the titles and abstracts of 410 articles were skimmed according to the inclusion criteria. Finally, 64 articles remained. They were reviewed in full text and 36 articles were excluded. At the end, 28 articles were chosen which met our eligibility criteria and were included in this study. Results: Ethics has been of a great significance in IT and telemedicine especially the Internet since there are more chances provided for accessing information. It is, however, accompanied by a threat to patients’ personal information. Therefore, suggestions are made to investigate ethics in technology, to offer standards and guidelines to therapists. Due to the advancement in technology, access to information has become simpler than the past. This has prompted hackers to seize the opportunity. Discussion: This research shows that the ethical issues in telemedicine can be investigated from several aspects like technology, doctor-patient relationship, data confidentiality and security, informed consent, patient’s and family’s satisfaction with telemedicine services. Following ethical issues in telemedicine is a primary aspect of high quality services. In other words, if therapists abide by ethical rules, they can provide better services for patients. Attention to ethical issues in telemedicine guarantees a safer use of the services.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                bioetica
                Revista de Bioética y Derecho
                Rev. Bioética y Derecho
                Observatori de Bioètica i Dret - Cátedra UNESCO de Bioética (Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain )
                1886-5887
                2023
                : 57
                : 133-151
                Affiliations
                [1] Barcelona orgnameMC Mutual orgdiv1Departamento MCIT. Análisis y Consultoría de Empresas España
                Article
                S1886-58872023000100010 S1886-5887(23)00005700010
                10.1344/rbd2023.57.41112
                700396e0-352b-41f9-9e8b-52fecd37bbbd

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 20 January 2023
                : 18 November 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 20, Pages: 19
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Dosier de Telemedicina

                ètica,proyecto,mutua laboral,ética,telemedicina,implementation,services,project,mutual insurance company,ethics,Telemedicine,implementació,projecte,mútua laboral,implementación

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