Immunohistological analysis of CD1a+ langerhans cells and CD57+ natural killer cells in healthy and diseased human gingival tissue: A comparative study

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Abstract

Background:

Cell interaction between dendritic cells (DC) and natural killer (NK) cells in the periodontal milieu is not yet fully known, although these cells are individually known to contribute to the pathogenesis of periodontal disease.

Materials and Methods:

Fifty subjects (25 males and 25 females) were included in the study. The subjects were divided into three groups: Group A comprised 16 subjects with clinically healthy gingiva; group B 17 subjects with gingivitis; and group C 17 subjects with gingivitis; and group C 17 subjects with moderate periodontitis (PPD ≥ 5 mm and CAL ≥ 3 mm in at least six sites). Gingival samples were collected and immunohistochemical study was done using CD57 and CD1a antibody. Statistical analysis was done using analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison for CD1a and Tukey's highly significant difference (HSD) test for CD57.

Results and Conclusion:

The study showed an inverse relationship between the CD1a ⁺ (langerhans) cells and CD57 ⁺ (natural killer) cells. There was a significant increase in CD57 ⁺ cells and reduction in CD1a levels as periodontal disease progressed. The significant reduction in CD1a levels in periodontal disease when compared to health could possibly be a result of NK cells down regulating it. Reduction in CD1a levels may result in a low inflammatory response subsequently resulting in tissue destruction.

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Most cited references 29

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Natural-killer cells and dendritic cells: "l'union fait la force".

Laurence Zitvogel, Marc Dalod, Thierry Walzer … (2005)

Several recent publications have focused on the newly described interactions between natural-killer (NK) cells and dendritic cells (DCs). Activated NK cells induce DC maturation either directly or in synergy with suboptimal levels of microbial signals. Immature DCs appear susceptible to autologous NK-cell-mediated cytolysis while mature DCs are protected. NK-cell-induced DC activation is dependent on both tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)/interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) secretion and a cell-cell contact involving NKp30. In vitro, interleukin-12 (IL-12)/IL-18, IL-15, and IFN-alpha/beta production by activated DCs enhance, in turn, NK-cell IFN-gamma production, proliferation, and cytotoxic potential, respectively. In vivo, NK-cell/DC interactions may occur in lymphoid organs as well as in nonlymphoid tissues, and their consequences are multiple. By inducing DC activation, NK-cell activation induced by tumor cells can indirectly promote antitumoral T-cell responses. Reciprocally, DCs activated through Toll-like receptors (TLRs) induce potent NK-cell activation in antiviral responses. Thus, DCs and NK cells are equipped with complementary sets of receptors that allow the recognition of various pathogenic agents, emphasizing the role of NK-cell/DC crosstalk in the coordination of innate and adaptive immune responses.

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The dynamic life of natural killer cells.

Wayne M. Yokoyama, Sungjin Kim, Ruth R. French (2003)

Natural killer (NK) cells play important roles in immunological processes, including early defense against viral infections. This review provides an overview of the dynamic in vivo life of NK cells from their development in the bone marrow to their mature peripheral responses and their ultimate demise, with particular emphasis on mouse NK cells and viral infections.

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Dendritic cells pulsed with protein antigens in vitro can prime antigen- specific, MHC-restricted T cells in situ [published erratum appears in J Exp Med 1990 Oct 1;172(4):1275]

JP Metlay, RM Steinman, MT Crowley … (1990)

T cells recognize peptides that are bound to MHC molecules on the surface of different types of antigen-presenting cells (APC). Antigen presentation most often is studied using T cells that have undergone priming in situ, or cell lines that have been chronically stimulated in vitro. The use of primed cells provides sufficient numbers of antigen- reactive lymphocytes for experimental study. A more complete understanding of immunogenicity, however, requires that one develop systems for studying the onset of a T cell response from unprimed lymphocytes, especially in situ. Here it is shown that mouse T cells can be reliably primed in situ using dendritic cells as APC. The dendritic cells were isolated from spleen, pulsed with protein antigens, and then administered to naive mice. Antigen-responsive T cells developed in the draining lymphoid tissue, and these T cells only recognized protein when presented on cells bearing the same MHC products as the original priming dendritic cells. In contrast, little or no priming was seen if antigen-pulsed spleen cells or peritoneal cells were injected. Since very small amounts of the foreign protein were visualized within endocytic vacuoles of antigen-pulsed dendritic cells, it is suggested that dendritic cells have a small but relevant vacuolar system for presenting antigens over a several day period in situ.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Indian Soc Periodontol

Journal ID (publisher-id): JISP

Title: Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology

Publisher: Medknow Publications (India )

ISSN (Print): 0972-124X

ISSN (Electronic): 0975-1580

Publication date (Print): Sep-Dec 2009

Volume: 13

Issue: 3

Pages: 150-154

Affiliations

Department of Periodontics, Ragas Dental College and Hospital, Uthandi, Chennai, India

Author notes

Address for correspondence: Dr. Avaneendra Talwar, Department of Periodontics, Ragas Dental College and Hospital, 2/102, East Coast Road, Uthandi Chennai - 600 019, India. E-mail: av_talwar@ 123456yahoo.co.in

Article

Publisher ID: JISP-13-150

DOI: 10.4103/0972-124X.60228

PMC ID: 2848786

PubMed ID: 20379413

SO-VID: 700fadb1-223a-4b37-b958-96cbe34e56ad

License:

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.