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      Validity and reliability of the Georgian-language brief international cognitive assessment for multiple sclerosis (BICAMS)

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          Abstract

          Background

          Cognitive impairment is one of the common features of multiple sclerosis (MS). Despite high prevalence, cognitive decline is often overlooked by neurologists. The Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS (BICAMS) was therefore introduced by the international expert committee as a brief and effective tool for the assessment and monitoring of cognitive functions in patients with MS. The validity and reliability of BICAMS have been demonstrated in many countries. Our aim was to validate the BICAMS in Georgian patients with MS.

          Methods

          A total of 68 patients with MS and 68 matched controls were assessed by the Georgian-language BICAMS. All healthy controls and seven patients were re-evaluated with identical tests to assess retest reliability.

          Results

          In comparison to healthy controls, patients with MS performed significantly worse on all tests in the assessment battery. Test–retest reliability measures were good for all tests. The prevalence of cognitive impairment in patients with MS was 43%.

          Conclusion

          The Georgian-language BICAMS is a reliable and valid battery for the assessment of cognitive function in patients with MS.

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          Most cited references29

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          An inventory for measuring depression.

          J ERBAUGH, J. Mock, A. Beck … (1961)
          Article 0 comments Cited 1198 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Multiple sclerosis

            Massimo Filippi, Amit Bar-Or, Fredrik Piehl … (2018)
            Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common chronic inflammatory, demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system in young adults. This disorder is a heterogeneous, multifactorial, immune-mediated disease that is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. In most patients, reversible episodes of neurological dysfunction lasting several days or weeks characterize the initial stages of the disease (that is, clinically isolated syndrome and relapsing-remitting MS). Over time, irreversible clinical and cognitive deficits develop. A minority of patients have a progressive disease course from the onset. The pathological hallmark of MS is the formation of demyelinating lesions in the brain and spinal cord, which can be associated with neuro-axonal damage. Focal lesions are thought to be caused by the infiltration of immune cells, including T cells, B cells and myeloid cells, into the central nervous system parenchyma, with associated injury. MS is associated with a substantial burden on society owing to the high cost of the available treatments and poorer employment prospects and job retention for patients and their caregivers.
            Article 0 comments Cited 354 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Is Open Access

              Recommendations for a Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS)

              DW Langdon, MP Amato, J Boringa … (2012)
              Background: Cognitive impairment in MS impacts negatively on many patients at all disease stages and in all subtypes. Full clinical cognitive assessment is expensive, requiring expert staff and special equipment. Test versions and normative data are not available for all languages and cultures. Objective: To recommend a brief cognitive assessment for multiple sclerosis (MS) that is optimized for small centers, with one or few staff members, who may not have neuropsychological training and constructed to maximize international use. Methods: An expert committee of twelve members representing the main cultural groups that have so far contributed considerable data about MS cognitive dysfunction was convened. Following exhaustive literature review, peer-reviewed articles were selected to cover a broad spectrum of cultures and scales that targeted cognitive domains vulnerable to MS. Each was rated by two committee members and candidates scales were rated on psychometric qualities (reliability, validity, and sensitivity), international application, ease of administration, feasibility in the specified context, and acceptability to patients. Results: The committee recommended the Symbol Digit Modalities Test, if only 5 minutes was available, with the addition of the California Verbal Learning Test – Second Edition and the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test – Revised learning trials if a further 10 minutes could be allocated for testing. Conclusions: A brief cognitive assessment for MS has been recommended. A validation protocol has been prepared for language groups and validation studies have commenced.
              Article 0 comments Cited 237 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Nazibrola Botchorishvili: nbphosta@gmail.com
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): BMC Neurol
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMC Neurol
                Title: BMC Neurology
                Publisher: BioMed Central (London )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1471-2377
                Publication date (Electronic): 9 June 2021
                Publication date PMC-release: 9 June 2021
                Publication date Collection: 2021
                Volume: 21
                Electronic Location Identifier: 218
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.412274.6, ISNI 0000 0004 0428 8304, Tbilisi State Medical University, ; Vazha Pshavela avenue 33, 0177 Tbilisi, Georgia
                [2 ]GRID grid.428923.6, ISNI 0000 0000 9489 2441, School of Natural Sciences and Medicine, , Ilia State University, ; Kakutsa Cholokashvili avenue 3/5, 0162 Tbilisi, Georgia
                [3 ]S. Khechinashvili University Hospital, Chavchavadze avenue 33, 0179 Tbilisi, Georgia
                Article
                Publisher ID: 2249
                DOI: 10.1186/s12883-021-02249-x
                PMC ID: 8188683
                SO-VID: 70a3f51f-ecfd-4034-8ae9-c7c8ed4a70d1
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2021
                License:

                Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

                History
                Date received : 28 February 2021
                Date accepted : 17 May 2021
                Categories
                Subject: Research
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © The Author(s) 2021

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Neurology
                Keywords: multiple sclerosis,cognitive impairment,brief international cognitive assessment in ms (bicams),georgian language,validation
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Neurology
                Keywords: multiple sclerosis, cognitive impairment, brief international cognitive assessment in ms (bicams), georgian language, validation

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