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      Cell membrane-engineered nanoparticles for cancer therapy

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          Abstract

          This review mainly summarizes the research progress of cell membrane extraction and coating technology, with an emphasis on the treatment of cancer with cell membrane-engineered nanoparticles from various sources.

          Abstract

          Cell membrane-coating nanotechnology involves dressing synthetic nanoparticles (NPs) with membranes derived from different types of cells to endow the NPs with the properties of a specific cell type and to further achieve precise and effective disease treatment. Of great interest is the fact that cell membranes sourced from different cell sources can give different functions to the NPs. In this review, we comprehensively lay out the major advantages of several typical cell membranes, which are derived from red blood cells (RBCs), platelets, neutrophils, immune cells, stem cells, or cancer cells, for the selective fabrication of novel nanotherapeutics and their potential to greatly advance the development of nanomedicine and improve the curative effect of cancer treatments.

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          Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries

          Hyuna Sung, Jacques Ferlay, Rebecca Siegel … (2021)
          This article provides an update on the global cancer burden using the GLOBOCAN 2020 estimates of cancer incidence and mortality produced by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Worldwide, an estimated 19.3 million new cancer cases (18.1 million excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) and almost 10.0 million cancer deaths (9.9 million excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) occurred in 2020. Female breast cancer has surpassed lung cancer as the most commonly diagnosed cancer, with an estimated 2.3 million new cases (11.7%), followed by lung (11.4%), colorectal (10.0 %), prostate (7.3%), and stomach (5.6%) cancers. Lung cancer remained the leading cause of cancer death, with an estimated 1.8 million deaths (18%), followed by colorectal (9.4%), liver (8.3%), stomach (7.7%), and female breast (6.9%) cancers. Overall incidence was from 2-fold to 3-fold higher in transitioned versus transitioning countries for both sexes, whereas mortality varied <2-fold for men and little for women. Death rates for female breast and cervical cancers, however, were considerably higher in transitioning versus transitioned countries (15.0 vs 12.8 per 100,000 and 12.4 vs 5.2 per 100,000, respectively). The global cancer burden is expected to be 28.4 million cases in 2040, a 47% rise from 2020, with a larger increase in transitioning (64% to 95%) versus transitioned (32% to 56%) countries due to demographic changes, although this may be further exacerbated by increasing risk factors associated with globalization and a growing economy. Efforts to build a sustainable infrastructure for the dissemination of cancer prevention measures and provision of cancer care in transitioning countries is critical for global cancer control.
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            In situ click chemistry generation of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors

            Atul Bhardwaj, Jatinder Kaur, Melinda Wuest … (2017)
            Cyclooxygenase-2 isozyme is a promising anti-inflammatory drug target, and overexpression of this enzyme is also associated with several cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. The amino-acid sequence and structural similarity between inducible cyclooxygenase-2 and housekeeping cyclooxygenase-1 isoforms present a significant challenge to design selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors. Herein, we describe the use of the cyclooxygenase-2 active site as a reaction vessel for the in situ generation of its own highly specific inhibitors. Multi-component competitive-binding studies confirmed that the cyclooxygenase-2 isozyme can judiciously select most appropriate chemical building blocks from a pool of chemicals to build its own highly potent inhibitor. Herein, with the use of kinetic target-guided synthesis, also termed as in situ click chemistry, we describe the discovery of two highly potent and selective cyclooxygenase-2 isozyme inhibitors. The in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of these two novel small molecules is significantly higher than that of widely used selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors.
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              U1 snRNP regulates cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro

              Jung-Min Oh, Christopher Venters, Chao Di … (2020)
              Stimulated cells and cancer cells have widespread shortening of mRNA 3’-untranslated regions (3’UTRs) and switches to shorter mRNA isoforms due to usage of more proximal polyadenylation signals (PASs) in introns and last exons. U1 snRNP (U1), vertebrates’ most abundant non-coding (spliceosomal) small nuclear RNA, silences proximal PASs and its inhibition with antisense morpholino oligonucleotides (U1 AMO) triggers widespread premature transcription termination and mRNA shortening. Here we show that low U1 AMO doses increase cancer cells’ migration and invasion in vitro by up to 500%, whereas U1 over-expression has the opposite effect. In addition to 3’UTR length, numerous transcriptome changes that could contribute to this phenotype are observed, including alternative splicing, and mRNA expression levels of proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressors. These findings reveal an unexpected role for U1 homeostasis (available U1 relative to transcription) in oncogenic and activated cell states, and suggest U1 as a potential target for their modulation.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Journal ID (publisher-id): JMCBDV
                Title: Journal of Materials Chemistry B
                Abbreviated Title: J. Mater. Chem. B
                Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
                ISSN (Print): 2050-750X
                ISSN (Electronic): 2050-7518
                Publication date Created: September 28 2022
                Publication date (Electronic): 2022
                Volume: 10
                Issue: 37
                Pages: 7161-7172
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Resistance Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, and Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
                [2 ]School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Medical Technology (Institute of Engineering Medicine), Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
                Article
                DOI: 10.1039/D2TB00709F
                PubMed ID: 35662316
                SO-VID: 70d0082d-8cb0-4bfb-ba12-6d6039f5fa53
                Copyright statement: © 2022
                License:

                http://rsc.li/journals-terms-of-use

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                Self URI (article page): http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=D2TB00709F

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