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      A Qualitative Study of Self and Caregiver Perspectives on How Autistic Individuals Cope With Trauma

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          Abstract

          Background

          Coping can moderate the relationship between trauma exposure and trauma symptoms. There are many conceptualisations of coping in the general population, but limited research has considered how autistic individuals cope, despite their above-average rates of traumatic exposure.

          Objectives

          To describe the range of coping strategies autistic individuals use following traumatic events.

          Methods

          Fourteen autistic adults and 15 caregivers of autistic individuals, recruited via stratified purposive sampling, completed semi-structured interviews. Participants were asked to describe how they/their child attempted to cope with events they perceived as traumatic. Using an existing theoretical framework and reflexive thematic analysis, coping strategies were identified, described, and organized into themes.

          Results

          Coping strategies used by autistic individuals could be organized into 3 main themes: (1) Engaging with Trauma, (2) Disengaging from Trauma, and (3) Self-Regulatory Coping. After the three main themes were developed, a fourth integrative theme, Diagnostic Overshadowing, was created to capture participants' reports of the overlap or confusion between coping and autism-related behaviors.

          Conclusions

          Autistic individuals use many strategies to cope with trauma, many of which are traditionally recognized as coping, but some of which may be less easily recognized given their overlap with autism-related behaviors. Findings highlight considerations for conceptualizing coping in autism, including factors influencing how individuals cope with trauma, and how aspects of autism may shape or overlap with coping behavior. Research building on these findings may inform a more nuanced understanding of how autistic people respond to adversity, and how to support coping strategies that promote recovery from trauma.

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          Most cited references86

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          Using thematic analysis in psychology

          Virginia Braun, Victoria Clarke (2014)
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            Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

            American Psychiatric Association (2013)
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              Reflecting on reflexive thematic analysis

              Virginia Braun, Victoria Clarke (2020)
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Front Psychiatry
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Front Psychiatry
                Journal ID (publisher-id): Front. Psychiatry
                Title: Frontiers in Psychiatry
                Publisher: Frontiers Media S.A.
                ISSN (Electronic): 1664-0640
                Publication date (Electronic): 14 July 2022
                Publication date Collection: 2022
                Volume: 13
                Electronic Location Identifier: 825008
                Affiliations
                [1] 1Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC, Canada
                [2] 2A. J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University , Philadelphia, PA, United States
                [3] 3Department of Community Health and Prevention, School of Public Health, Drexel University , Philadelphia, PA, United States
                [4] 4School of Medicine, University of Colorado , Aurora, CO, United States
                Author notes

                Edited by: Luigi Mazzone, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy

                Reviewed by: Iliana Magiati, University of Western Australia, Australia; Ailsa Russell, University of Bath, United Kingdom; Daniel Shepherd, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand; Mirabel Pelton, Coventry University, United Kingdom

                *Correspondence: Elise Ng-Cordell elise.ngcordell@ 123456psych.ubc.ca

                This article was submitted to Autism, a section of the journal Frontiers in Psychiatry

                †These authors have contributed equally to this work and share first authorship

                Article
                DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.825008
                PMC ID: 9329569
                SO-VID: 70e5d82f-6bd3-464a-a4c6-b36547290b6e
                Copyright © Copyright © 2022 Ng-Cordell, Rai, Peracha, Garfield, Lankenau, Robins, Berkowitz, Newschaffer and Kerns.
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                Date received : 29 November 2021
                Date accepted : 15 June 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 3, Equations: 0, References: 88, Pages: 17, Words: 12811
                Funding
                Funded by: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, doi 10.13039/100009633;
                Award ID: K23HD07472
                Categories
                Subject: Psychiatry
                Subject: Original Research

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                Keywords: trauma,autism (asd),coping (c),quantitative analysis,internalizing
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                Keywords: trauma, autism (asd), coping (c), quantitative analysis, internalizing

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