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      Gestión farmacoterapéutica de los medicamentos de terapias avanzadas Translated title: Pharmacotherapeutic management of advanced therapy medicinal products

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          Abstract

          Resumen Los medicamentos de terapia avanzada han emergido en los últimos años como nuevas estrategias farmacoterapéuticas. En este contexto, los servicios de farmacia hospitalaria nos hemos tenido que adaptar al nuevo reto que ha supuesto su inclusión en nuestra cartera de servicios dentro del complejo proceso farmacoterapéutico en el que están inmersos los pacientes. Todas las actividades que se desarrollan en los servicios de farmacia hospitalaria cumplen con una base legal establecida en nuestra legislación y garantizan la calidad y seguridad tanto de los pacientes atendidos como de todos y cada uno de los medicamentos que se gestionan. Los medicamentos de terapia avanzada tienen unas características especiales a considerar que van desde las fases iniciales de selección y evaluación de los pacientes candidatos y su modelo de financiación, basado en riesgo compartido, hasta una fragilidad en su manipulación que requiere de una adecuada y adaptada formación del personal implicado en la logística para mantener su viabilidad, al necesitar unas condiciones de conservación, en ocasiones, a temperaturas de menos 180 ºC, en el caso de las células T con receptores quiméricos de antígenos. Además, la utilización clínica de los medicamentos de terapia avanzada ha necesitado de documentos de consenso de las sociedades científicas utilique pongan en valor el posicionamiento del farmacéutico hospitalario, como miembro indispensable dentro del equipo multidisciplinar asistencial, y que garanticen, como en cualquier otro medicamento, la trazabilidad, la correcta conservación y custodia y el seguimiento farmacoterapéutico asociado a una adecuada atención farmacéutica de nuestros pacientes, sin olvidar la importancia de la creciente investigación clínica, necesaria e imprescindible para una incorporación segura de nuevas dianas terapéuticas. Por todo ello, consideramos necesario el presente documento, en donde se ponen de manifiesto los retos o necesidades, desde el punto de vista farmacéutico, en cada una de las etapas o procesos a considerar en la utilización de los medicamentos de terapia avanzada dentro de nuestro amplio arsenal terapéutico.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Advanced therapy medicinal products have emerged in recent years as new pharmacotherapeutic strategies. In this context, hospital pharmacy services have had to adapt to the new challenges posed by the inclusion of advanced therapies in their roster of services against the background of the complex pharmacotherapeutic process patients typically go through. All the activities carried out in the hospital pharmacy services must abide by the rules established in the Spanish legislation and ensure both the quality of the different drugs they manage and the safety of every single patient. Advanced therapy medicinal products are associated certain peculiarities, including the need to select and evaluate potential candidates to receive them; recourse to financing mechanisms based on risk sharing; and their extreme fragility, which means that the personnel in charge of handling them must be properly trained to maintain their viability and that special storage conditions, involving temperatures below 180 ºC in the case of chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapies, must be maintained. In addition, use of advanced therapy medicinal products in the clinical setting has made it necessary for scientific societies to produce consensus documents recognizing the pivotal role of hospital pharmacists as indispensable members of the multidisciplinary healthcare team and ensuring the same traceability, conservation, custody and pharmacotherapeutical monitoring standards imposed on other drugs to provide for adequate pharmaceutical care. Scientific societies have also highlighted the importance of intensifying clinical research, an essential requirement for the safe incorporation of new therapeutic targets. The present document is intended to describe the challenges pharmacists may face when using advanced therapy medicinal products at the different stages or processes in the patient’s clinical journey.

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          Most cited references43

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          Management of adults and children undergoing chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy: best practice recommendations of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) and the Joint Accreditation Committee of ISCT and EBMT (JACIE)

          Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are a novel class of anti-cancer therapy in which autologous or allogeneic T cells are engineered to express a CAR targeting a membrane antigen. In Europe, tisagenlecleucel (Kymriah™) is approved for the treatment of refractory/relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children and young adults as well as relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, while axicabtagene ciloleucel (Yescarta™) is approved for the treatment of relapsed/refractory high-grade B-cell lymphoma and primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma. Both agents are genetically engineered autologous T cells targeting CD19. These practical recommendations, prepared under the auspices of the European Society of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, relate to patient care and supply chain management under the following headings: patient eligibility, screening laboratory tests and imaging and work-up prior to leukapheresis, how to perform leukapheresis, bridging therapy, lymphodepleting conditioning, product receipt and thawing, infusion of CAR T cells, short-term complications including cytokine release syndrome and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome, antibiotic prophylaxis, medium-term complications including cytopenias and B-cell aplasia, nursing and psychological support for patients, long-term follow-up, post-authorization safety surveillance, and regulatory issues. These recommendations are not prescriptive and are intended as guidance in the use of this novel therapeutic class.
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            Challenges with advanced therapy medicinal products and how to meet them.

            Advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs), which include gene therapy medicinal products, somatic cell therapy medicinal products and tissue-engineered products, are at the cutting edge of innovation and offer a major hope for various diseases for which there are limited or no therapeutic options. They have therefore been subject to considerable interest and debate. Following the European regulation on ATMPs, a consolidated regulatory framework for these innovative medicines has recently been established. Central to this framework is the Committee for Advanced Therapies (CAT) at the European Medicines Agency (EMA), comprising a multidisciplinary scientific expert committee, representing all EU member states and European Free Trade Association countries, as well as patient and medical associations. In this article, the CAT discusses some of the typical issues raised by developers of ATMPs, and highlights the opportunities for such companies and research groups to approach the EMA and the CAT as a regulatory advisor during development.
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              Commercial anti‐CD19 CAR T cell therapy for patients with relapsed/refractory aggressive B cell lymphoma in a European center

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                fh
                Farmacia Hospitalaria
                Farm Hosp.
                Grupo Aula Médica (Toledo, Toledo, Spain )
                1130-6343
                2171-8695
                April 2022
                : 46
                : 2
                : 88-95
                Affiliations
                [2] Barcelona orgnameHospital Universitari Vall D´Hebron orgdiv1Servicio de Farmacia España
                [5] Navarra orgnameClínica Universitaria de Navarra orgdiv1Servicio de Farmacia España
                [6] Oviedo Asturias orgnameHospital Universitario Central de Asturias orgdiv1Servicio de Farmacia España
                [4] Sevilla orgnameHospitales Universitarios Virgen del Rocío orgdiv1Servicio de Farmacia Spain
                [3] orgnameHospitalet de Llobregat orgdiv1Institut Català D'Oncología España
                [1] Valencia orgnameHospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe orgdiv1Servicio de Farmacia España
                Article
                S1130-63432022000200008 S1130-6343(22)04600200008
                10.7399/fh.13036
                7105c49f-44e2-415d-aa3e-7a1e1ea1ff74

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 03 November 2021
                : 15 October 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 44, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Artículos Especiales

                Terapia CAR-T,Patient outcomes assessment,Cryopreservation,Gene therapy,CAR-T cell therapy,Adoptive cellular immunotherapy,Evaluación resultados pacientes,Criopreservación,Terapia génica,Inmunoterapia celular adoptiva

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