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      Bloqueo de nervios esplácnicos para tratamiento del dolor abdominal crónico benigno. Reporte de caso con revisión temática Translated title: Splanchnic nerve block for the treatment of benign chronic abdominal pain. a case report and literature review

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN El dolor abdominal crónico de origen benigno puede ser incapacitante y disminuye significativamente la calidad de vida de algunos pacientes. Para su tratamiento es usual el uso crónico de opioides que se han asociado a originar otras fuentes de dolor, por lo que deberían sopesar tratamientos farmacológicos alternativos. Sin embargo, cuando estos no son efectivos, insuficientes u ocasionan efectos adversos intolerables, el manejo intervencionista del dolor debería considerarse. En este campo la inhibición de los nervios esplácnicos que es una técnica que puede ser empleada para el control del dolor oncológico, podría jugar un papel importante a pesar de que aún no cuenta con evidencia sólida de su aplicabilidad en tratar el dolor crónico de origen benigno. Hasta donde sabemos, en el Ecuador es la primera vez que se realiza este procedimiento y el presente informe sugiere que puede ofrecer buenos resultados, incluso después de terminado el efecto de los fármacos utilizados.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Chronic abdominal pain of benign origin can be disabling and significantly reduces the quality of life of some patients. Common treatment includes the chronic use of opioids that have also been linked with causing different sources of pain, so alternative pharmacological treatments should be considered instead. However, when these are not effective, insufficient, or cause intolerable adverse effects, interventional pain management should be considered. In this field, the inhibition of splanchnic nerves, which is a technique that can be used to control cancer pain, could play an important role in the treatment of chronic pain of benign origin, despite the lack of solid evidence in its applicability. As far as we know, it is the first time that this procedure has been performed in Ecuador and this report suggests that it can offer positive results even after the effect of the drugs used has ended.

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          Most cited references23

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          Opioid-induced bowel disorders and narcotic bowel syndrome in patients with chronic non-cancer pain.

          Opioids are used increasingly in the management of moderate-to-severe chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP). Opioid-induced bowel disorders (OBD) markedly impact health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and frequently limit medically indicated opioid pharmacotherapy. We assessed the risk factors, and effect of OBD on HRQoL in CNCP patients. We also estimated the likely prevalence of narcotic bowel syndrome (NBS). These effects have been reported in cancer patients but not in CNCP previously. Ambulatory CNCP patients (n = 146) taking regularly scheduled opioids were invited to complete the Bowel-Disease-Questionnaire and a pain-sensitive HRQoL instrument. The Rome-II criteria were used to define bowel disorders. Narcotic bowel syndrome was defined as presence of daily severe to very-severe abdominal pain of more than 3 months duration requiring more than 100 mg of morphine equivalent per day. Ninety-eight patients (69%) returned the survey. Respondents had taken opioids for 10 days to 10 years (median 365 days) at a median daily dose of 127.5 mg morphine-equivalent (range 7.5-600 mg). Constipation prevalence was 46.9% (95% CI 36.8-57.3), nausea 27% (95% CI 17.2-35.3), vomiting 9% (95% CI 17.2-35.3), and gastro-esophageal reflux disease 33% (95% CI 23.5-42.9). Chronic abdominal pain was reported by 58.2% (95% CI 53.2-73.9) and 6.4%, (95% CI 2.4-13.5) fulfilled the criteria of NBS. Prevalence of constipation increased with duration of treatment. Health-related quality of life was low in patients with chronic abdominal pain. Bowel disorders including chronic abdominal pain and NBS are common in patients taking opioids for CNCP. Decreased HRQoL in patients with CNCP is driven by chronic abdominal pain.
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            Gastrointestinal side effects in chronic opioid users: results from a population-based survey.

            Gastrointestinal side effects are commonly associated with opioid treatment for pain.
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              Opioid misuse in gastroenterology and non-opioid management of abdominal pain

              Opioids were one of the earliest classes of medications used for pain across a variety of conditions, but morbidity and mortality have been increasingly associated with their chronic use. Despite these negative consequences, chronic opioid use is increasing worldwide, with the USA and Canada having the highest rates. Chronic opioid use for noncancer pain can have particularly negative effects in the gastrointestinal and central nervous systems, including opioid-induced constipation, narcotic bowel syndrome, worsening psychopathology and addiction. This Review summarizes the evidence of opioid misuse in gastroenterology, including the lack of evidence of a benefit from these drugs, as well as the risk of harm and negative consequences of opioid use relative to the brain-gut axis. Guidelines for opioid management and alternative pharmacological and nonpharmacological strategies for pain management in patients with gastrointestinal disorders are also discussed. As chronic pain is complex and involves emotional and social factors, a multimodal approach targeting both pain intensity and quality of life is best.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                dolor
                Revista de la Sociedad Española del Dolor
                Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor
                Inspira Network Group, S.L (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1134-8046
                August 2020
                : 27
                : 4
                : 274-278
                Affiliations
                [2] San José orgnameCaja Costarricense de Seguro Social Costa Rica
                [3] Puerto Madero, Buenos Aires orgnameUniversidad Católica Argentina Argentina
                [4] Quito orgnameHospital Carlos Andrade Marín Ecuador
                [1] Cumbayá Pichincha orgnameUniversidad San Francisco de Quito orgdiv1Clínica del Dolor, Sistemas Médicos Ecuador
                Article
                S1134-80462020000400010 S1134-8046(20)02700400010
                10.20986/resed.2020.3818/2020
                7128206a-1125-46af-adbb-5d66775103d8

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 30 June 2020
                : 13 May 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 24, Pages: 5
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Notas Clínicas

                abdominal pain chronic,Bloqueo de nervios esplácnicos,dolor abdominal crónico benigno,bloqueo esplácnico,dolor visceral,visceral pain,splacnic block,Splanchnic nerve block

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