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      Dinâmica da comunidade e populações arbóreas da borda e interior de um remanescente florestal na Serra da Mantiqueira, Minas Gerais, em um intervalo de cinco anos (1999-2004) Translated title: Tree population and community dynamics in the edge and interior sectors of a forest remnant in the Mantiqueira Range, SE Brazil, over a five-year interval (1999-2004)

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          Abstract

          A dinâmica da comunidade arbórea e de 26 populações componentes foi investigada em um fragmento de floresta estacional semidecídua em Piedade do Rio Grande, Minas Gerais, com base em inventários conduzidos em 1999 e 2004 em 30 parcelas de 400 m², 12 das quais foram locadas na borda do fragmento e 18 em seu interior. O objetivo foi verificar se a comunidade e populações arbóreas (a) estavam estáveis no período, e (b) mostraram uma dinâmica mais acelerada na borda do fragmento que em seu interior. Foram obtidas taxas de mortalidade e recrutamento de árvores e taxas de ganho e perda de área basal para a amostra total, seus dois setores, classes de diâmetro e populações. A hipótese da estabilidade foi rejeitada porque, tanto na borda como no interior, as taxas de mortalidade superaram as de recrutamento, as taxas de ganho superaram as de perda de área basal e as distribuições de tamanho mudaram devido ao declínio na densidade de árvores menores. Tais mudanças gerais se relacionaram, possivelmente, (a) a efeitos de longa duração da fragmentação ainda em curso, (b) a uma fase particular de um ciclo florestal rítmico e/ou (c) à suposta aceleração global das taxas de rotatividade florestal devido ao aumento do CO2 atmosférico. Os dois setores de fato diferiram nas taxas de rotatividade mais elevadas na borda que no interior da floresta, provavelmente devido à maior abundância de luz na borda, mas também porque populações de espécies pioneiras e exigentes de luz, de rápido crescimento, são mais abundantes na borda.

          Translated abstract

          The dynamics of the tree community and 26 component populations was investigated in a fragment of tropical semideciduous forest in Piedade do Rio Grande, SE Brazil, based on surveys done in 1999 and 2004 in 30 400 m² plots, 12 of which were located on the edge of the fragment and 18 in its interior. The purpose was to assess whether the tree community and populations (a) were stable in the period, and (b) showed a more accelerated dynamics on the fragment edge than in its interior. Rates of mortality and recruitment of trees and gain and loss of basal area were obtained for the whole sample, its two sectors, diameter classes and tree populations. The stability hypotheses was rejected because, in both the edge and interior, mortality rates surpassed recruitment rates, gain rates of basal area surpassed loss rates, and size distributions changed, with declining density of smaller trees. These overall changes were possibly related to (a) ongoing long-lasting fragmentation effects, (b) a particular phase of a rhythmic forest cycle and, or (c) the alleged recent global acceleration of forest turnover due to increased CO2 in the atmosphere. The two sectors did differ in their turnover rates higher on the edge than in the forest interior, probably because of more abundant light at the edge, but also because tree populations of fast-growing pioneer and light-demanding species are more abundant at the edge.

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          Effects of isolation on the water status of forest patches in the Brazilian Amazon

          Patterns of edge-related environmental changes and plant water relations were investigated in the isolated forest reserves of the INPA-WWF Minimum Critical Size of Eco-systems project near Manaus, Brazil early in the wet season.
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            Increasing turnover through time in tropical forests.

            Tree turnover rates were assessed at 40 tropical forest sites. Averaged across inventoried forests, turnover, as measured by tree mortality and recruitment, has increased since the 1950s, with an apparent pantropical acceleration since 1980. Among 22 mature forest sites with two or more inventory periods, forest turnover also increased. The trend in forest dynamics may have profound effects on biological diversity.
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              Forest tree growth and dynamics at La Selva, Costa Rica (1969-1982)

              Permanent plots totalling 12.4 hectares were established in 1969 in primary tropical wet forest at La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica; all stems ≥10 cm diameter at breast height were tagged and measured. In 1982, the plots were again censused, and all live trees re-measured. Mortality over 13 years was 23.2%, or 2.03% per year based on a logarithmic mortality model. This suggests a stand half-life of around 34 years. Mortality was independent of size class in trees ≥10 cm diameter. Recruitment was equal to mortality. Tree growth curves and age-size relationships for 44 species were projected from 13-year diameter increments using a growth simulation procedure. Understorey trees grow slowly and consistently, and have short life spans; subcanopy trees also grow slowly, but live longer; shade-tolerant canopy trees show variable and often rapid growth and are long-lived; and shade-intolerant canopy trees grow rapidly, show little variation, and have short life spans. The longest imputed life span in our sample was around 440 years (years from 10 cm diameter to the maximum diameter); the shortest life span was around 50 years.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
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                Journal
                rbb
                Brazilian Journal of Botany
                Braz. J. Bot.
                Sociedade Botânica de São Paulo (São Paulo )
                1806-9959
                March 2007
                : 30
                : 1
                : 149-161
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal de Lavras Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Brazil
                [3 ] Universidade Federal de Lavras Brazil
                Article
                S0100-84042007000100015
                10.1590/S0100-84042007000100015
                712b7848-28a8-42e1-9a2b-e59d634ab16b

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0100-8404&lng=en
                Categories
                PLANT SCIENCES

                Plant science & Botany
                forest dynamics,forest fragmentation,tree community dynamics,tree population dynamics,tropical semideciduous forest,dinâmica de comunidades arbóreas,dinâmica florestal,dinâmica de populações arbóreas,floresta tropical semidecídua,fragmentação florestal

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