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      Quantitative feed restriction from 35 to 42 days of age for broiler chickens Translated title: Restrição alimentar quantitativa dos 35 aos 42 dias de idade para frangos de corte

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          Abstract

          The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of increasing levels of feed restriction in broilers aged from 35 to 42 days, on the performance, carcass parameters and intensity of lesions at slaughter. A total of 1,225 one-day old chicks were obtained from a commercial hatchery and were grown over a 34-days period (five weeks). At 34 days of age all birds were weighed and redistributed into a completely randomized design to perform the following treatments: control (0% feed restriction), 10, 20, 30 or 40% feed restriction. The amount of feed given to animals was adjusted daily according to the previous day's intake of the control treatment. At 42 days, birds were weighed and two birds per pen were slaughtered, one to evaluate carcass yield and cuts and the other for body composition analysis. Weight gain and feed intake were decreased linearly (p<0.05) according to increasing levels of restriction, while the feed:gain ratio showed a quadratic effect (p<0.05). The hot eviscerated carcass weight decreased linearly (p<0.05) according to increasing levels of restriction, without effects on the carcass, breast and thigh yield. The dry matter and fat of the carcass decreased and the crude protein increased (p<0.05), according to levels of restriction. We conclude that feed restriction of 2.5% in the last week of life can improve the feed efficiency of poultry, when there is a higher accumulation of fat in the carcass.

          Translated abstract

          O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de níveis crescentes de restrição alimentar dos 35 aos 42 dias de idade de frangos de corte sobre o desempenho, características de carcaça e intensidade de lesões na carcaça no momento do abate. Um total de 1225 pintainhos de um dia de idade foram alojados aleatoriamente em boxes e alimentados ad libitum por 5 semanas. Aos 34 dias de idade as aves foram pesadas e redistribuídas em um delineamento inteiramente aleatorizado e submetidas a 0 (controle), 10, 20, 30 ou 40% de restrição alimentar. A quantidade de ração fornecida aos animais foi ajustada diariamente, de acordo com o consumo do tratamento controle. Aos 42 dias as aves avaliou-se o rendimento de carcaça e cortes, além da composição bromatológica corporal. Houve efeito linear decrescente sobre o ganho de peso e o consumo de ração (p<0,05) de acordo com os tratamentos, enquanto que sobre a conversão alimentar houve efeito quadrático (p<0,05). O peso da carcaça eviscerada quente diminuiu linearmente (p<0,05) de acordo com o aumento dos níveis de restrição, sem afetar o rendimento de carcaça e peito. Com relação aos dados de composição da carcaça verificou-se que a matéria seca e a gordura da carcaça decresceram enquanto que a proteína bruta aumentou (p<0,05). Conclui-se que o nível de 2,5% de restrição é capaz de melhorar a eficiência alimentar das aves na última semana de criação, período em que tem-se maior acúmulo de gordura na carcaça.

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          User’s guide, Version 6

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            Effect of early feed restriction on metabolic programming and compensatory growth in broiler chickens.

            The effect of early feed restriction on metabolic programming and compensatory growth was studied in broiler chickens. A total of 480 female 1-d-old broiler birds (Aconred) were randomly allocated to ad libitum and feed-restricted groups, each of which was replicated 6 times with 40 birds per replicate. Broilers were provided commercial diets. Feed-restricted broilers were deprived of feed for 4 h per day from 1 to 21 d of age. Effects of treatments were determined at 21 and 63 d of age. In feed-restricted birds at 21 d of age, BW, average daily gain and average daily feed intake, breast muscle (P < 0.01), carcass yield (P < 0.05), and abdominal fat (P < 0.05) were decreased. Ether extract content in breast muscle was increased (P < 0.01), whereas CP content was slightly decreased. Triiodothyronine (P < 0.01) and thyroxine (P < 0.05) were decreased in serum. Free fatty acid and very low density lipoprotein were slightly increased in serum, whereas triglyceride and glucose were decreased (P < 0.01). Activities of NADPH-generating enzymes in liver including malic dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, and glucose-6-phosphate remained unchanged in ad libitum birds, whereas hormone-sensitive lipase activity was increased (P < 0.01). In feed-restricted birds at 63 d of age, BW, average daily gain, average daily feed intake, carcass yield, breast muscle yield, and serum triiodothyronine and thyroxine remained as ad libitum birds, whereas abdominal fat yield was increased (P < 0.05). Ether extract content in breast muscle was decreased (P < 0.01), whereas CP content was increased (P < 0.05). Activities of NADPH-generating enzymes were significantly increased, except abdominal malic dehydrogenase and hormone-sensitive lipase activity was decreased (P < 0.01) in liver and abdominal fat. Lipoprotein lipase activity was increased (P < 0.05) in abdominal fat. In summary, feed restriction severely affected growth performance and lipid metabolism in broilers in the early period. Because there was no statistical difference among the final BW, near full compensatory growth was achieved. In addition, early feed restriction might have induced prolonged metabolic programming in chicks and led to adult obesity.
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              The Application of Short-Term Feed Restriction to Broiler Chicken Production: A Review

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rbspa
                Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal
                Rev. bras. saúde prod. anim.
                UFBA - Universidade Federal da Bahia (Salvador, BA, Brazil )
                1519-9940
                December 2013
                : 14
                : 4
                : 778-784
                Affiliations
                [01] Piracicaba São Paulo orgnameUniversidade de São Paulo orgdiv1Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Quieroz Brasil
                [02] Palotina Paraná orgnameUniversidade Federal do Paraná orgdiv1Setor Palotina Brasil
                Article
                S1519-99402013000400011
                10.1590/S1519-99402013000400011
                7135c924-e94c-4feb-af2e-468c04e89889

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 10 May 2013
                : 22 December 2013
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 16, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Brazil


                manejo alimentar,composição corporal de frangos,feed management,carcass yield,body composition of chickens,rendimento de carcaça

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