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      Relation between HIV status, risky sexual behavior, and mental health in an MSM sample from three Chilean cities Translated title: Relación entre el estado de seropositividad al VIH, el comportamiento sexual arriesgado y la salud mental en una muestra de HSH de tres ciudades chilenas

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          ABSTRACT

          Objective.

          To explore the association among HIV status; negative psychological symptoms (anxiety, depression, and hostility); and risky sexual behaviors (multiple sexual partners and unprotected sexual intercourse) in a Chilean sample of men who have sex with men (MSM).

          Methods.

          This study had a cross-sectional design and a sample of 325 MSM whose ages ranged from 18 to 64 years (mean: 30.8; standard deviation: 9.8). Association tests (chisquared) and group mean comparisons (Student’s t -tests and F -tests) were performed.

          Results.

          No statistically significant differences were found for condom use or for the number of sexual partners between HIV-positive men and those who are not infected. In both groups, about 50% reported sexual encounters without condom use in the past six months. There were statistically significant differences in symptoms associated with depression between the two groups.

          Conclusions.

          These results reveal the need to strengthen messages about the importance of condom use, as the only way to prevent HIV, and as a means of preventing HIV infection and reinfection, in national prevention and self-care programs for sexually active subjects. More studies are needed in Latin America to advance HIV prevention efforts for the MSM population. The data generated by this study can be used to inform the development of HIV prevention programming strategies and interventions targeting the MSM population in Latin America.

          RESUMEN

          Objetivo.

          Explorar la relación entre el estado con respecto a la infección por el VIH, los síntomas psicológicos negativos (ansiedad, depresión y hostilidad) y el comportamiento sexual arriesgado (varios compañeros sexuales y relaciones sexuales sin protección) en una muestra de hombres que tienen relaciones sexuales con otros hombres (HSH) de Chile.

          Métodos.

          Este estudio tuvo un diseño transversal y una muestra de 325 HSH de 18 a 64 años (media: 30,8; desviación estándar: 9,8). Se efectuaron pruebas de asociación (ji al cuadrado) y comparaciones entre las medias grupales (prueba de la t de Student y prueba F).

          Resultados.

          No se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas respecto del uso de preservativos o del número de compañeros sexuales entre los hombres seropositivos al VIH y los no infectados. En los dos grupos, más del 50 % refirió que había tenido algún encuentro sexual sin protección en los seis meses anteriores. Se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los dos grupos en cuanto a los síntomas asociados a la depresión.

          Conclusiones.

          Estos resultados muestran la necesidad de fortalecer los mensajes acerca de la importancia del uso de preservativos como la única manera de prevenir el VIH y como un medio de prevenir la infección y la reinfección por este virus, en los programas nacionales de prevención y autocuidado destinados a las personas sexualmente activas. Es necesario efectuar más estudios en América Latina para impulsar las medidas de prevención de la infección por el VIH orientadas a la población de HSH. Los datos generados por este estudio pueden servir para formular estrategias programáticas de prevención e intervenciones dirigidas a esta población en América Latina.

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          Most cited references29

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          Sampling and Estimation in Hidden Populations Using Respondent-Driven Sampling

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            Psychological sequelae of hate-crime victimization among lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults.

            Questionnaire data about criminal victimization experiences were collected from 2,259 Sacramento-area lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals (N = 1,170 women, 1,089 men). Approximately 1/5 of the women and 1/4 of the men had experienced victimization because of their adult sexual orientation. Hate crimes were less likely than nonbias crimes to have been reported to police. Compared with other recent crime victims, lesbian and gay hate-crime survivors manifested significantly more symptoms of depression, anger, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress. They also displayed significantly more crime-related fears and beliefs, lower sense of mastery, and more attributions of their personal setbacks to sexual prejudice than did nonbias crime victims and nonvictims. Comparable differences were not observed among bisexuals. The findings highlight the importance of recognizing hate-crime survivors' special needs in clinical settings and in public policy.
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              Experiences of harassment, discrimination, and physical violence among young gay and bisexual men.

              We examined the 6-month cumulative incidence of anti-gay harassment, discrimination, and violence among young gay/bisexual men and documented their associations with mental health. Gay/bisexual men from 3 cities in the southwestern United States completed self-administered questionnaires. Thirty-seven percent of men reported experiencing anti-gay verbal harassment in the previous 6 months; 11.2% reported discrimination, and 4.8% reported physical violence. Men were more likely to report these experiences if they were younger, were more open in disclosing their sexual orientation to others, and were HIV positive. Reports of mistreatment were associated with lower self-esteem and increased suicidal ideation. Absent policies preventing anti-gay mistreatment, empowerment and community-building programs are needed for young gay/bisexual men to both create safe social settings and help them cope with the psychological effects of these events.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Rev Panam Salud Publica
                Rev. Panam. Salud Publica
                rpsp
                Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública
                Organización Panamericana de la Salud
                1020-4989
                1680-5348
                08 February 2017
                2017
                : 41
                : e4
                Affiliations
                [1 ] normalizedEscuela de Psicología orgnamePontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago Chile originalEscuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
                [2 ] normalizedEscuela de Psicología orgnameUniversidad de Santiago de Chile Santiago Chile originalEscuela de Psicología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
                [3 ] normalizedEscuela de Psicología orgnameUniversidad de Valparaíso, Chile originalEscuela de Psicología, Universidad de Valparaíso, Chile.
                Author notes
                Send correspondence to: Jaime Barrientos, jaime.barrientos@ 123456usach.cl

                Conflicts of interest.

                None.

                Article
                RPSP.2017.4
                10.26633/RPSP.2017.4
                6660883
                28444004
                716712a6-a7ce-4c59-a934-eee6c78a3cdc

                 

                History
                : 29 December 2015
                : 02 May 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 4, Equations: 0, References: 35
                Categories
                Brief Communication

                hiv infection; mental health,sexual behavior,chile,latin america.,infecciones por vih,salud mental,conducta sexual,chile; américa latina

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