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      Design and evaluation of a pharmacogenomics information resource for pharmacists

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          Abstract

          Objective: To develop and evaluate a pharmacogenomics information resource for pharmacists.

          Materials and Methods: We built a pharmacogenomics information resource presenting Food and Drug Administration (FDA) drug product labelling information, refined it based on feedback from pharmacists, and conducted a comparative usability evaluation, measuring task completion time, task correctness and perceived usability. Tasks involved hypothetical clinical situations requiring interpretation of pharmacogenomics information to determine optimal prescribing for specific patients.

          Results: Pharmacists were better able to perform certain tasks using the redesigned resource relative to the Pharmacogenomic Knowledgebase (PharmGKB) and the FDA Table of Pharmacogenomic Biomarkers in Drug Labeling. On average, participants completed tasks in 107.5 s using our resource, compared to 188.9 s using PharmGKB and 240.2 s using the FDA table. Using the System Usability Scale, participants rated our resource 79.62 on average, compared to 53.27 for PharmGKB and 50.77 for the FDA table. Participants found the correct answers for 100% of tasks using our resource, compared to 76.9% using PharmGKB and 69.2% using the FDA table.

          Discussion: We present structured, clinically relevant pharmacogenomic FDA drug product label information with visualizations to help explain the relationships between gene variants, drugs, and phenotypes. The results from our evaluation suggest that user-centered interfaces for pharmacogenomics information can increase ease of access and comprehension.

          Conclusion: A clinician-focused pharmacogenomics information resource can answer pharmacogenomics-related medication questions faster, more correctly, and more easily than widely used alternatives, as perceived by pharmacists.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          J Am Med Inform Assoc
          J Am Med Inform Assoc
          jamia
          Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA
          Oxford University Press
          1067-5027
          1527-974X
          July 2017
          26 February 2017
          26 February 2018
          : 24
          : 4
          : 822-831
          Affiliations
          [1 ]Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
          [2 ]School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh
          [3 ]Intelligent Systems Program, University of Pittsburgh
          Author notes
          Corresponding Author: Katrina Romagnoli, 5607 Baum Blvd, 417D, Pittsburgh, PA 15206, USA. E-mail: kak59@ 123456pitt.edu .
          Article
          PMC6080676 PMC6080676 6080676 ocx007
          10.1093/jamia/ocx007
          6080676
          28339805
          717578f1-6062-4a39-87f0-6db9f56a9acc
          © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Medical Informatics Association. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com
          History
          : 4 August 2016
          : 20 September 2016
          : 11 January 2017
          Page count
          Pages: 10
          Funding
          Funded by: National Library of Medicine 10.13039/100000092
          Award ID: R01LM011838
          Award ID: T15 LM007059
          Funded by: National Institute of Aging 10.13039/100000049
          Award ID: NIA K01 AG044433
          Funded by: the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
          Award ID: K12HS019461
          Categories
          Research and Applications

          evaluation,clinical decision making,usability,pharmacist,structured product labeling,pharmacogenomics

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