Annika Kratzel:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8468-4742
Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole:
MethodologyRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draft
Jenna N. Kelly:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7265-2233
Role: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole:
ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draft
Philip V’kovski:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8366-1220
Role: Formal analysisRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – review & editing
Jasmine Portmann: Role: Data curationRole: InvestigationRole: Writing – review & editing
Yannick Brüggemann: Role: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
Daniel Todt:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3564-1014
Role: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: Writing – review & editing
Nadine Ebert: Role: Data curationRole: Investigation
Neeta Shrestha: Role: InvestigationRole: Methodology
Philippe Plattet: Role: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Supervision
Claudia A. Staab-Weijnitz:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1211-7834
Role: InvestigationRole: Methodology
Albrecht von Brunn: Role: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Supervision
Eike Steinmann: Role: ConceptualizationRole: Writing – review & editing
Ronald Dijkman:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0320-2743
Role: ConceptualizationRole: Formal analysisRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – review
& editing
Gert Zimmer:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2708-2507
Role: Data curationRole: Writing – review & editing
Stephanie Pfaender:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3957-5448
Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole:
SupervisionRole: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draftRole:
Writing – review & editing
Volker Thiel: Role: ConceptualizationRole: Formal analysisRole: Funding acquisitionRole: InvestigationRole:
MethodologyRole: SupervisionRole: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original
draftRole: Writing – review & editing
Ken Cadwell: Role: Academic Editor
Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS Biol
Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLoS Biol
Journal ID (publisher-id): plos
Title:
PLoS Biology
Publisher:
Public Library of Science
(San Francisco, CA USA
)
ISSN
(Print):
1544-9173
ISSN
(Electronic):
1545-7885
Publication date
(Electronic):
28
December
2021
Publication date Collection:
December
2021
Publication date PMC-release: 28
December
2021
Volume: 19
Issue: 12
Electronic Location Identifier: e3001490
Affiliations
[1
]
Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern and Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
[2
]
Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University
of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
[3
]
Graduate School for Biomedical Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
[4
]
European Virus Bioinformatics Center, Jena, Germany
[5
]
Department for Molecular & Medical Virology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany
[6
]
Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
[7
]
Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz-Center
Munich, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
[8
]
Max von Pettenkofer-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
[9
]
German Center for Infection Research, Munich Site, Munich, Germany
[10
]
Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
New York University School of Medicine, UNITED STATES
Author notes
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
‡ Equally shared senior authorship on this work.
Author information
Article
Publisher ID:
PBIOLOGY-D-21-00778
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001490
PMC ID: 8741300
PubMed ID: 34962926
SO-VID: 7180c92f-ee01-4930-89d5-27216a5630d7
Copyright © © 2021 Kratzel et al
License:
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided
the original author and source are credited.
Funded by:
funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001711, Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung;
Award ID: 165076
Award Recipient
:
Volker Thiel
Funded by:
funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001711, Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung;
Award ID: 173085
Award Recipient
:
Volker Thiel
Funded by:
funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010665, H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions;
Award ID: 748627
Award Recipient
:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3957-5448
Stephanie Pfaender
Funded by:
funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347, Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung;
Award ID: 01KI1723A
Award Recipient
:
Volker Thiel
This study was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant number 165076
and 173085, VT). In addition this study was funded by the Horizon 2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie
"COV RESTRICT" grant agreement (grant number 748627, SP) and the Federal Ministry
of Education and Research (RAPID grant number 01KI1723A, VT). The funders had no role
in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation
of the manuscript.
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Short Reports
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Biology and life sciences
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Organisms
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Viruses
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RNA viruses
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Coronaviruses
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Biology and Life Sciences
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Microbiology
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Medical Microbiology
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Microbial Pathogens
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Viral Pathogens
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Coronaviruses
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Medicine and Health Sciences
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Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
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Pathogens
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Microbial Pathogens
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Viral Pathogens
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Coronaviruses
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Biology and Life Sciences
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Organisms
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Viruses
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Viral Pathogens
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Coronaviruses
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Genetics
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Genome Analysis
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Genome Analysis
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Gene Ontologies
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Viruses
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Biology and life sciences
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Medical microbiology
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Microbial pathogens
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Viral pathogens
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Coronaviruses
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SARS coronavirus
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SARS CoV 2
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Medicine and health sciences
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Pathology and laboratory medicine
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Pathogens
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Microbial pathogens
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Viral pathogens
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Coronaviruses
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SARS coronavirus
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SARS CoV 2
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Biology and life sciences
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Organisms
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Viruses
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Viral pathogens
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Coronaviruses
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SARS coronavirus
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SARS CoV 2
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Biology and Life Sciences
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Cell Biology
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Cell Processes
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Cell Death
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Autophagic Cell Death
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Medicine and Health Sciences
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Medical Conditions
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Infectious Diseases
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Respiratory Infections
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Medicine and Health Sciences
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Medical Conditions
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Respiratory Disorders
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Respiratory Infections
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Medicine and Health Sciences
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Pulmonology
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Respiratory Disorders
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Respiratory Infections
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Biology and Life Sciences
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Microbiology
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Virology
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Viral Replication
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Biology and Life Sciences
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Bioengineering
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Genome Engineering
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Synthetic Genome Editing
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Crispr
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Engineering and Technology
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Bioengineering
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Genome Engineering
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Synthetic Genome Editing
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Crispr
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Biology and Life Sciences
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Synthetic Biology
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Synthetic Genomics
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Synthetic Genome Editing
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Crispr
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Engineering and Technology
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Synthetic Biology
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Synthetic Genomics
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Synthetic Genome Editing
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Crispr
