A mollusciciding campaign was begun in Cul-de-Sac Valley, St Lucia, at the end of 1970, following several years of epidemiological studies in which transmission of Schistosoma mansoni was found to be high in settlements on the valley floor but low in hillside settlements. Postcontrol (1971-73) findings in children, when compared with precontrol data and with data from an adjacent valley having a similar transmission pattern, show significant reductions in prevalence, incidence, and intensity of infection.