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      Solar Forcing of Regional Climate Change During the Maunder Minimum

      1 , 1 , 2 , 1 , 3
      Science
      American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

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          Abstract

          We examine the climate response to solar irradiance changes between the late 17th-century Maunder Minimum and the late 18th century. Global average temperature changes are small (about 0.3° to 0.4°C) in both a climate model and empirical reconstructions. However, regional temperature changes are quite large. In the model, these occur primarily through a forced shift toward the low index state of the Arctic Oscillation/North Atlantic Oscillation as solar irradiance decreases. This leads to colder temperatures over the Northern Hemisphere continents, especially in winter (1° to 2°C), in agreement with historical records and proxy data for surface temperatures.

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          Most cited references28

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          Northern hemisphere temperatures during the past millennium: Inferences, uncertainties, and limitations

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            Reconstruction of solar irradiance since 1610: Implications for climate change

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              Modeling Atmospheric 14C Influences and 14C Ages of Marine Samples to 10,000 BC

              The detailed radiocarbon agevs.calibrated (cal) age studies of tree rings reported in this Calibration Issue provide a unique data set for precise14C age calibration of materials formed in isotopic equilibrium with atmospheric CO2. The situation is more complex for organisms formed in other reservoirs, such as lakes and oceans. Here the initial specific14C activity may differ from that of the contemporaneous atmosphere. The measured remaining14C activity of samples formed in such reservoirs not only reflects14C decay (related to sample age) but also the reservoir14C activity. As the measured sample14C activity figures into the calculation of a conventional14C age (Stuiver & Polach 1977), apparent14C age differences occur when contemporaneously grown samples of different reservoirs are dated.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Science
                Science
                American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
                0036-8075
                1095-9203
                December 07 2001
                December 07 2001
                : 294
                : 5549
                : 2149-2152
                Affiliations
                [1 ]NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies and Center for Climate Systems Research, Columbia University, New York, NY 10025, USA.
                [2 ]Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22902, USA.
                [3 ]Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
                Article
                10.1126/science.1064363
                11739952
                718f905b-419c-460e-a696-28007b3207e2
                © 2001
                History

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