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      International medical students – a survey of perceived challenges and established support services at medical faculties Translated title: Internationale Medizinstudierende – eine Bestandsaufnahme zu Herausforderungen und Unterstützungsangeboten an den Medizinischen Fakultäten

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          Abstract

          Introduction: Medical students with a non-German background face several challenges during their studies. Besides support given by foreign student offices further specific projects for international students have been developed and are offered by medical faculties. However, so far, neither a systematic survey of the faculties’ perceived problems nor of the offered support exists.

          Method: All study deaneries of medical faculties in Germany were contacted between April and October 2013 and asked for their participation in a telephone interview. Interview partners were asked about 1.) The percentage of non-German students at the medical faculty; 2.) The perceived difficulties and problems of foreign students; 3.) The offers for non-German students; and 4.) The specification of further possibilities of support. Given information was noted, frequencies counted and results interpreted via frequency analysis.

          Results: Only 39% of the medical faculties could give detailed information about the percentage of non-German students. They reported an average share of 3.9% of students with an EU migration background and 4.9% with a non-EU background. Most frequently cited offers are student conducted tutorials, language courses and tandem-programs. The most frequently reported problem by far is the perceived lack of language skills of foreign students at the beginning of their studies. Suggested solutions are mainly the development of tutorials and the improvement of German medical terminology.

          Discussion: Offers of support provided by medical faculties for foreign students vary greatly in type and extent. Support offered is seen to be insufficient in coping with the needs of the international students in many cases. Hence, a better coverage of international students as well as further research efforts to the specific needs and the effectiveness of applied interventions seem to be essential.

          Zusammenfassung

          Einleitung: Internationale Medizinstudierende sind im Rahmen ihres Studiums in Deutschland mit einer Reihe von Herausforderungen konfrontiert. Neben der Unterstützung durch die zuständigen Akademischen Auslandsämter werden zunehmend auch spezifische Angebote für internationale Studierende durch die Medizinischen Fakultäten selbst entwickelt und angeboten. Eine systematische Übersicht über die Art und Verbreitung solcher Angebote sowie die von Seiten der Fakultäten wahrgenommenen Problemfelder für internationale Studierende existiert bislang nicht.

          Methode: Alle Studiendekanate der Medizinischen Fakultäten Deutschlands wurden zwischen April und Oktober 2013 kontaktiert und um Teilnahme an einem Telefoninterview gebeten. Die Interviewpartner wurden zu folgenden Sachverhalten befragt: 1.) Anteil internationaler Studierender an der Medizinischen Fakultät; 2.) Wahrgenommene Schwierigkeiten und Probleme internationaler Studierender; 3.) Angebot für internationale Studierende; 4.) Spezifizierung des weiteren Bedarfs an Unterstützungsmöglichkeiten. Die Angaben wurden notiert, Häufigkeiten im Anschluss ausgezählt und die Ergebnisse frequenzanalytisch ausgewertet.

          Ergebnisse: 39% der Medizinischen Fakultäten konnten detaillierte Auskunft über den Anteil internationaler Studierender geben. Von diesen Fakultäten wurde ein durchschnittlicher Anteil von 3,9% EU- und 4,9% Nicht-EU-Ausländer angegeben. Die häufigsten genannten Angebote sind durch andere Studierende geleitete Tutorien, Sprachkurse und Tandem-Programme. Das mit Abstand am häufigsten berichtete Problem ist laut den Studiendekanaten das sprachliche Defizit der internationalen Studierenden zu Beginn des Studiums. Als Lösungsvorschläge werden hauptsächlich der Ausbau von Tutorien sowie die Verbesserung der fachsprachlichen Deutschkenntnisse genannt.

          Diskussion: An den Medizinischen Fakultäten bestehen in Art und Umfang sehr unterschiedliche Unterstützungsangebote für internationale Studierende. In vielen Fällen wird das Angebot als unzureichend erlebt, um den Bedürfnissen der internationalen Studierenden gerecht zu werden. Eine bessere Erfassung der internationalen Studierenden sowie verstärkte Forschungsbemühungen zum spezifischen Bedarf sowie zur Wirksamkeit der angewandten Interventionen erscheinen in diesem Zusammenhang dringend notwendig.

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          Most cited references60

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          Factors associated with success in medical school: systematic review of the literature.

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            Peer-assisted learning: a novel approach to clinical skills learning for medical students.

            This study aimed to determine whether peer-assisted learning (PAL) can enhance clinical examination skills training. Three student trainers studied small-group theory and clinical examination and provided PAL as extra tuition for 86 trainees. Trainees watched an examination video, were videotaped practising the examination and, after constructive feedback, repeated the examination. Responses to PAL were evaluated to attain an overview of trainee and trainer performance using visual analogue and Likert scale analyses. Year-group review was undertaken using questionnaires. Trainees evaluated all aspects of PAL highly, including their post-training confidence in examination skills (mean > 7.7 on a 10-cm scale), indicating that the PAL was effective. Written comments confirmed the students perceived the sessions as well structured and of high quality. Compared with trainees in the first groups, those from later groups gave all parameters similar or higher gradings. Those for interest (P = 0.03) and appropriateness (P = 0.01) were significantly higher, suggesting that trainers may improve their technique with time. Students with previous degrees gave similar or lower gradings than standard entry students, with answers about post-training confidence and recommendation to friends being statistically lower (P < 0.006). Six months later, year-group analysis showed that 90% of trainees rated PAL highly, and 86% wished to become trainers. Of the trainers' year group, 79% perceived that PAL training could improve examination skills. In the context of clinical skills training, PAL was highly evaluated across many parameters, including confidence after training. Student interest and enthusiasm supports suggestions that PAL could be a useful adjunct to clinical skills training.
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              Effect of ethnicity and gender on performance in undergraduate medical examinations.

              To assess the effect of ethnicity and gender on medical student examination performance. Cohort study of Year 3 medical students in 2002 and 2003. Royal Free and University College Medical School, Imperial College School of Medicine. A total of 1216 Year 3 medical students, of whom 528 were male and 688 female, and 737 were white European and 479 Asian. Performance in summative written and objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs) in July 2002 and 2003. White females performed best in all OSCEs and in 3 out of 4 written examinations. Mean scores for each OSCE and 2 out of 4 written examinations were higher for white students than for Asian students. The overall size of the effect is relatively small, being around 1-2%. Students of Asian origin, of both genders, educated in the UK, using English as their first language, continue to perform less well in OSCEs and written assessments than their white European peers.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                GMS Z Med Ausbild
                GMS Z Med Ausbild
                GMS Z Med Ausbild
                GMS Zeitschrift für Medizinische Ausbildung
                German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
                1860-7446
                1860-3572
                11 February 2015
                2015
                : 32
                : 1
                : Doc9
                Affiliations
                [1 ]University Hospital Heidelberg, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Heidelberg, Germany
                [2 ]Eberhard-Karls-University Tubingen, Medical Clinic, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Tübingen, Germany
                [3 ]Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, Dean's Office of the Medical Faculty of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
                Author notes
                *To whom correspondence should be addressed: C. Nikendei, University Hospital Heidelberg, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Thibautstraße 2, D-69115 Heidelberg, Germany, Phone: +49 (0)6221/56-38663, Fax: +49 (0)6221/56-5330, E-mail: christoph.nikendei@ 123456med.uni-heidelberg.de
                Article
                zma000951 Doc9 urn:nbn:de:0183-zma0009516
                10.3205/zma000951
                4330639
                71ad15b0-2543-4773-9a75-ad35d09924b6
                Copyright © 2015 Huhn et al.

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

                History
                : 14 January 2014
                : 30 October 2014
                : 04 September 2014
                Categories
                Article

                Medicine
                international medical students,migration,medical curriculum
                Medicine
                international medical students, migration, medical curriculum

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