New genotype classification and molecular characterization of canine and feline parvoviruses

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Abstract

Background

Canine parvovirus (CPV) and feline panleukopenia (FPV) cause severe intestinal disease and leukopenia.

Objectives

In Korea, there have been a few studies on Korean FPV and CPV-2 strains. We attempted to investigate several genetic properties of FPV and CPV-2.

Methods

Several FPV and CPV sequences from around world were analyzed by Bayesian phylo-geographical analysis.

Results

The parvoviruses strains were newly classified into FPV, CPV 2-I, CPV 2-II, and CPV 2-III genotypes. In the strains isolated in this study, Gigucheon, Rara and Jun belong to the FPV, while Rachi strain belong to CPV 2-III. With respect to CPV type 2, the new genotypes are inconsistent with the previous genotype classifications (CPV-2a, -2b, and -2c). The root of CPV-I strains were inferred to be originated from a USA strain, while the CPV-II and III were derived from Italy strains that originated in the USA. Based on VP2 protein analysis, CPV 2-I included CPV-2a-like isolates only, as differentiated by the change in residue S297A/N. Almost CPV-2a isolates were classified into CPV 2-III, and a large portion of CPV-2c isolates was classified into CPV 2-II. Two residue substitutions F267Y and Y324I of the VP2 protein were characterized in the isolates of CPV 2-III only.

Conclusions

We provided an updated insight on FPV and CPV-2 genotypes by molecular-based and our findings demonstrate the genetic characterization according to the new genotypes.

Related collections

Most cited references 22

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Although phylogenetic inference of protein-coding sequences continues to dominate the literature, few analyses incorporate evolutionary models that consider the genetic code. This problem is exacerbated by the exclusion of codon-based models from commonly employed model selection techniques, presumably due to the computational cost associated with codon models. We investigated an efficient alternative to standard nucleotide substitution models, in which codon position (CP) is incorporated into the model. We determined the most appropriate model for alignments of 177 RNA virus genes and 106 yeast genes, using 11 substitution models including one codon model and four CP models. The majority of analyzed gene alignments are best described by CP substitution models, rather than by standard nucleotide models, and without the computational cost of full codon models. These results have significant implications for phylogenetic inference of coding sequences as they make it clear that substitution models incorporating CPs not only are a computationally realistic alternative to standard models but may also frequently be statistically superior.

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C R Parrish, P H O'Connell, J F Evermann … (1985)

Canine parvovirus was first recognized during 1978. Analysis of isolates collected since its emergence revealed that viruses circulating after 1980 were antigenically different from earlier isolates. Monoclonal antibodies clearly distinguished the two strains, some being specific for either the old or the new viruses. Restriction enzyme analysis of viral DNA's showed that the post-1980 viruses were similar to earlier isolates, but some restriction site differences were present in the new strain. These results suggest that the canine parvoviruses infecting dogs in the seven areas of the United States that were sampled derive from a variant virus that replaced the original strain during 1980.

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The sequence of the full-length gene encoding for the main capsid protein VP2 of 58 canine parvovirus (CPV) type 2c strains, along with recent CPV-2a/2b strains, was determined and analysed in comparison with reference CPV isolates. The CPV-2c strains displayed a low genetic variability and shared amino acid changes already detected in recent CPV-2a/2b isolates, with a phylogenetic clustering accounting for their geographical distribution. Analysis of the selection pressure driving CPV evolution confirmed that the VP2 gene is under purifying selection. The emergence and global spread of the new CPV variant provides an interesting model to better understand virus evolution.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Vet Sci

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J. Vet. Sci

Journal ID (publisher-id): JVS

Title: Journal of Veterinary Science

Publisher: The Korean Society of Veterinary Science

ISSN (Print): 1229-845X

ISSN (Electronic): 1976-555X

Publication date (Print): May 2020

Publication date (Electronic): 21 April 2020

Volume: 21

Issue: 3

Electronic Location Identifier: e43

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Veterinary Medicine Virology Lab, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.

[2 ]Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.

[3 ]Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.

[4 ]Tae Neung Animal Hospital, Seoul 02033, Korea.

[5 ]Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea.

Author notes

Corresponding authors: Yong-Ho Park. Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea. yhp@ 123456snu.ac.kr

Corresponding authors: Bong-Kyun Park. Department of Veterinary Medicine Virology Lab, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea. parkx026@ 123456snu.ac.kr

^†These authors have contributed equally to this study.

Author information

Hee-Chun Chung https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4666-5393

Sung-Jae Kim https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8813-012X

Van Giap Nguyen https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5250-1825

Sook Shin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3577-9651

Jae Young Kim https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7892-5466

Suk-Kyung Lim https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7549-9411

Yong Ho Park https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4168-6884

BongKyun Park https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4301-8740

Article

DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2020.21.e43

PMC ID: 7263909

PubMed ID: 32476317

SO-VID: 71ee5633-b209-4316-8e7e-3b9a9f4ba156

License:

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

History

Date received : 20 February 2020

Date revision received : 01 April 2020

Date accepted : 05 April 2020

Funding

Funded by: Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry;

Award ID: Z-1543081-2017-18-03

Funded by: Rural Development Administration, CrossRef https://doi.org/10.13039/501100003627;

Award ID: PJ013985022019

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