Programmed ribosomal frameshifting in HIV-1 and the SARS–CoV

There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

Abstract

Ribosomal frameshifting is a mechanism of gene expression used by several RNA viruses to express replicase enzymes. This article focuses on frameshifting in two human pathogens, the retrovirus human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and the coronavirus responsible for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). The nature of the frameshift signals of HIV-1 and the SARS–CoV will be described and the impact of this knowledge on models of frameshifting will be considered. The role of frameshifting in the replication cycle of the two pathogens and potential antiviral therapies targeting frameshifting will also be discussed.

Related collections

Most cited references 116

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Identification of a Novel Coronavirus in Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

Christian Drosten, Stephan Günther, Wolfgang Preiser … (2003)

The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) has recently been identified as a new clinical entity. SARS is thought to be caused by an unknown infectious agent. Clinical specimens from patients with SARS were searched for unknown viruses with the use of cell cultures and molecular techniques. A novel coronavirus was identified in patients with SARS. The virus was isolated in cell culture, and a sequence 300 nucleotides in length was obtained by a polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR)-based random-amplification procedure. Genetic characterization indicated that the virus is only distantly related to known coronaviruses (identical in 50 to 60 percent of the nucleotide sequence). On the basis of the obtained sequence, conventional and real-time PCR assays for specific and sensitive detection of the novel virus were established. Virus was detected in a variety of clinical specimens from patients with SARS but not in controls. High concentrations of viral RNA of up to 100 million molecules per milliliter were found in sputum. Viral RNA was also detected at extremely low concentrations in plasma during the acute phase and in feces during the late convalescent phase. Infected patients showed seroconversion on the Vero cells in which the virus was isolated. The novel coronavirus might have a role in causing SARS. Copyright 2003 Massachusetts Medical Society

0 comments Cited 2244 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

A novel coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome.

Thomas G Ksiazek, Dean Erdman, Cynthia Goldsmith … (2003)

A worldwide outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) has been associated with exposures originating from a single ill health care worker from Guangdong Province, China. We conducted studies to identify the etiologic agent of this outbreak. We received clinical specimens from patients in seven countries and tested them, using virus-isolation techniques, electron-microscopical and histologic studies, and molecular and serologic assays, in an attempt to identify a wide range of potential pathogens. None of the previously described respiratory pathogens were consistently identified. However, a novel coronavirus was isolated from patients who met the case definition of SARS. Cytopathological features were noted in Vero E6 cells inoculated with a throat-swab specimen. Electron-microscopical examination revealed ultrastructural features characteristic of coronaviruses. Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining revealed reactivity with group I coronavirus polyclonal antibodies. Consensus coronavirus primers designed to amplify a fragment of the polymerase gene by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to obtain a sequence that clearly identified the isolate as a unique coronavirus only distantly related to previously sequenced coronaviruses. With specific diagnostic RT-PCR primers we identified several identical nucleotide sequences in 12 patients from several locations, a finding consistent with a point-source outbreak. Indirect fluorescence antibody tests and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays made with the new isolate have been used to demonstrate a virus-specific serologic response. This virus may never before have circulated in the U.S. population. A novel coronavirus is associated with this outbreak, and the evidence indicates that this virus has an etiologic role in SARS. Because of the death of Dr. Carlo Urbani, we propose that our first isolate be named the Urbani strain of SARS-associated coronavirus. Copyright 2003 Massachusetts Medical Society

0 comments Cited 2096 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Isolation and characterization of viruses related to the SARS coronavirus from animals in southern China.

Y Guan (2003)

A novel coronavirus (SCoV) is the etiological agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). SCoV-like viruses were isolated from Himalayan palm civets found in a live-animal market in Guangdong, China. Evidence of virus infection was also detected in other animals (including a raccoon dog, Nyctereutes procyonoides) and in humans working at the same market. All the animal isolates retain a 29-nucleotide sequence that is not found in most human isolates. The detection of SCoV-like viruses in small, live wild mammals in a retail market indicates a route of interspecies transmission, although the natural reservoir is not known.

0 comments Cited 1139 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

All references

Author and article information

Contributors

Ian Brierley

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Virus Res

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Virus Res

Title: Virus Research

Publisher: Elsevier B.V.

ISSN (Print): 0168-1702

ISSN (Electronic): 1872-7492

Publication date PMC-release: 28 November 2005

Publication date (Print): July 2006

Publication date (Electronic): 28 November 2005

Volume: 119

Issue: 1

Pages: 29-42

Affiliations

[a ]Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK

[b ]Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK

Author notes

[* ]Corresponding author. Tel.: +44 1223 336914; fax: +44 1223 336926. ib103@ 123456mole.bio.cam.ac.uk

Article

Publisher ID: S0168-1702(05)00321-7

DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2005.10.008

PMC ID: 7114087

PubMed ID: 16310880

SO-VID: 7243e413-1372-466c-bb06-d7965d6df76c

License:

Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

Programmed ribosomal frameshifting in HIV-1 and the SARS–CoV

Read this article at

Abstract

Related collections

Coronaviruses, COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2

Most cited references 116

Identification of a Novel Coronavirus in Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

A novel coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome.

Isolation and characterization of viruses related to the SARS coronavirus from animals in southern China.

Author and article information

Contributors

Journal

Affiliations

Author notes

Article

History

Categories

Comments

Comment on this article

Similar content 580

Cited by 70

Most referenced authors 2,282