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      Single-shot real-time femtosecond imaging of temporal focusing

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      Light, Science & Applications
      Nature Publishing Group UK

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          Abstract

          While the concept of focusing usually applies to the spatial domain, it is equally applicable to the time domain. Real-time imaging of temporal focusing of single ultrashort laser pulses is of great significance in exploring the physics of the space–time duality and finding diverse applications. The drastic changes in the width and intensity of an ultrashort laser pulse during temporal focusing impose a requirement for femtosecond-level exposure to capture the instantaneous light patterns generated in this exquisite phenomenon. Thus far, established ultrafast imaging techniques either struggle to reach the desired exposure time or require repeatable measurements. We have developed single-shot 10-trillion-frame-per-second compressed ultrafast photography (T-CUP), which passively captures dynamic events with 100-fs frame intervals in a single camera exposure. The synergy between compressed sensing and the Radon transformation empowers T-CUP to significantly reduce the number of projections needed for reconstructing a high-quality three-dimensional spatiotemporal datacube. As the only currently available real-time, passive imaging modality with a femtosecond exposure time, T-CUP was used to record the first-ever movie of non-repeatable temporal focusing of a single ultrashort laser pulse in a dynamic scattering medium. T-CUP’s unprecedented ability to clearly reveal the complex evolution in the shape, intensity, and width of a temporally focused pulse in a single measurement paves the way for single-shot characterization of ultrashort pulses, experimental investigation of nonlinear light-matter interactions, and real-time wavefront engineering for deep-tissue light focusing.

          Ultrafast photography: World's fastest camera glimpses laser pulses at ten trillion frames per second

          Improvements in a photography technique allows seeing instantaneous light patterns in real time. While standard optical instruments focus on a spatial point, temporal microscopes confine photons along a narrow plane that can penetrate samples and excite multiple components simultaneously. Lihong Wang from the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, U.S.A. and colleagues have now developed the world’s fastest camera that can capture the temporal focus dynamics by taking trillions of images per second in a single exposure. The team’s setup records a sample’s dynamic intensity patterns, then splits them into two optical pathways retaining spatial and temporal information. Aided by compressed imaging and a fast streak camera, this division helps minimize the number of measurements and enables image reconstruction algorithms to achieve frame rates two orders of magnitude better than current receive-only ultrafast cameras.

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          Most cited references48

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          The restricted isometry property and its implications for compressed sensing

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            Controlling waves in space and time for imaging and focusing in complex media

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              Tomographic phase microscopy.

              We report a technique for quantitative three-dimensional (3D) mapping of refractive index in live cells and tissues using a phase-shifting laser interferometric microscope with variable illumination angle. We demonstrate tomographic imaging of cells and multicellular organisms, and time-dependent changes in cell structure. Our results will permit quantitative characterization of specimen-induced aberrations in high-resolution microscopy and have multiple applications in tissue light scattering.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                LVW@caltech.edu
                Journal
                Light Sci Appl
                Light Sci Appl
                Light, Science & Applications
                Nature Publishing Group UK (London )
                2095-5545
                2047-7538
                8 August 2018
                8 August 2018
                2018
                : 7
                : 42
                Affiliations
                [1 ]ISNI 0000000107068890, GRID grid.20861.3d, Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, , California Institute of Technology, ; 1200 East California Boulevard, Mail Code 138-78, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
                [2 ]ISNI 0000 0000 9582 2314, GRID grid.418084.1, Present Address: Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, , Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, ; 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC J3X1S2 Canada
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9783-4383
                Article
                44
                10.1038/s41377-018-0044-7
                6107054
                30839588
                72449f39-6e56-4c82-87a9-3f7d32e544c8
                © The Author(s) 2018

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                : 30 March 2018
                : 20 June 2018
                : 21 June 2018
                Funding
                Funded by: FundRef https://doi.org/10.13039/100000002, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH);
                Award ID: DP1 EB016986
                Award ID: R01 CA186567
                Award Recipient :
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                © The Author(s) 2018

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