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      AMS 14C Dating of the Cremated Human Bones and Funeral Fuel of the Western Balts. In Theory and in Practice

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      Journal: Archaeologia Lituana
      Publisher: Vilnius University Press

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          Abstract

          The article is dedicated to the application of AMS 14C dating method of cremated bones and samples of related charcoal, which is rather new for the East Baltic region. The data of 3 Western Balts cemeteries from Lithuania are analysed. Results of radiocarbon dating are compared to the estimated typological chronology of the artefacts. The OxCal simulation is applied in order to obtain the most probable dates. The study lays the foundation for further spatial and static analysis of selected data.

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          Dealing with Outliers and Offsets in Radiocarbon Dating

          Christopher Bronk Ramsey (2009)
          The wide availability of precise radiocarbon dates has allowed researchers in a number of disciplines to address chronological questions at a resolution which was not possible 10 or 20 years ago. The use of Bayesian statistics for the analysis of groups of dates is becoming a common way to integrate all of the14C evidence together. However, the models most often used make a number of assumptions that may not always be appropriate. In particular, there is an assumption that all of the14C measurements are correct in their context and that the original14C concentration of the sample is properly represented by the calibration curve.
          Article 0 comments Cited 275 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Dating of Cremated Bones

            A Aerts-Bijma, J. van der Plicht, J N Lanting (2001)
            When dating unburnt bone, bone collagen, the organic fraction of the bone, is used. Collagen does not survive the heat of the cremation pyre, so dating of cremated bone has been considered impossible. Structural carbonate in the mineral fraction of the bone, however, survives the cremation process. We developed a method of dating cremated bone by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS), using this carbonate fraction. Here we present results for a variety of prehistoric sites and ages, showing a remarkable success rate for this method.
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              Experimental Study on the Origin of Cremated Bone Apatite Carbon

              C M Hüls, H. Erlenkeuser, M.-J. Nadeau … (2010)
              Bones that have undergone burning at high temperatures (i.e. cremation) no longer contain organic carbon. Lanting et al. (2001) proposed that some of the original structural carbonate, formed during bioapatite formation, survives. This view is based on paired radiocarbon dating of cremated bone apatite and contemporary charcoal. However, stable carbon isotope composition of carbonate in cremated bones is consistently light compared to the untreated material and is closer to the δ 13 C values seen in C 3 plant material. This raises the question of the origin of carbonate carbon in cremated bone apatite. That is, does the isotope signal reflect an exchange of carbon with the local cremation atmosphere and thus with carbon from the burning fuel, or is it caused by isotopic fractionation during cremation? To study the changes in carbon isotopes ( 14 C, 13 C) of bone apatite during burning up to 800 °, a modern bovine bone was exposed to a continuous flow of an artificial atmosphere (basically a high-purity O 2 /N 2 gas mix) under defined conditions (temperature, gas composition). To simulate the influence of the fuel carbon available under real cremation conditions, fossil CO 2 was added at different concentrations. To yield cremated bone apatite properties similar to archaeological cremated bones, in terms of crystallographic criteria, water vapor had to be added to the atmosphere in the oven. Infrared vibrational spectra reveal large increases in crystal size and loss of carbonate upon cremation. The isotope results indicate an effective carbon exchange between bone apatite carbonate and CO 2 in the combustion gases depending on temperature and CO 2 concentration. 14 C dates on archaeological cremated bone apatite may thus suffer from an old-wood effect. Paired 13 C and 14 C values indicate that in addition to this exchange, isotope fractionation between CO 2 and carbonate, and admixture of carbon from other sources such as possibly collagen or atmospheric CO 2 , may play a role in determining the final composition of the apatite carbonate.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Title: Archaeologia Lituana
                Abbreviated Title: AL
                Publisher: Vilnius University Press
                ISSN (Electronic): 1392-6748
                ISSN (Print): 2538-8738
                Publication date Created: February 25 2020
                Publication date (Electronic): December 20 2019
                Volume: 20
                Pages: 40-74
                Article
                DOI: 10.15388/ArchLit.2019.20.3
                SO-VID: 72456de8-c653-4f34-a005-c6e8e5665aee
                Copyright © © 2019
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                All content is freely available without charge to users or their institutions. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission of the publisher or the author. Articles published in the journal are distributed under a http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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                ScienceOpen disciplines: Linguistics & Semiotics,Social & Behavioral Sciences,Law,Mathematics,History,Philosophy
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                ScienceOpen disciplines: Linguistics & Semiotics, Social & Behavioral Sciences, Law, Mathematics, History, Philosophy

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