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      An Extremely Rare Cause of Mitral Regurgitation—Accessory Commissural Mitral Tissue with Anomalous Left Atrial Chordal Attachment

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          Graphical abstract

          Highlights

          • •

            Accessory mitral tissue and left atrial chordae are rare congenital abnormalities.

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            Accessory mitral tissue can result in left ventricular outflow tract and mitral valve obstruction.

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            This is the first case of lateral mitral accessory tissue with an associate anomalous chord.

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            Transthoracic echocardiography may not be able to evaluate accessory mitral valve tissue.

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            Removal of anomalous chordae affecting the mitral valve may be complicated.

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          Accessory mitral valve in an adult population: the role of echocardiography in diagnosis and management.

          S Thanigaraj, Aleksandr Rovner, E. Perez Codina (2005)
          Accessory mitral valve is a rare congenital abnormality and is an unusual cause for subvalvular left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction. It is detected first in children and is very rarely noticed in adults. The most common clinical presentation is symptomatic LVOT obstruction. We present a case series of 5 adult patients with varying clinical presentations in which the accessory mitral valve was diagnosed using echocardiography. Three patients presented with varying degrees of symptomatic LVOT obstruction, one presented with recurrent transient ischemic attack and stroke, and one patient was incidentally diagnosed during echocardiography to exclude endocarditis. Accessory mitral valve should be suggested in patients with LVOT obstruction.
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            Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction due to a left ventricular myxoma that was misidentified as an accessory mitral valve tissue

            Seung-Hoon Baek, Hee Kim, Hyae Jin Kim … (2017)
            We report obstruction of the left ventricle outflow tract (LVOT) caused by cardiac myxoma that was misidentified as an accessory mitral valve tissue preoperatively. A 65-year-old woman presented with chest discomfort that persisted for 7 days. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) revealed a mobile, low-echogenic, balloon-shaped mass attached to the anterior mitral valve leaflet and papillary muscle, which was suspected to be an accessory mitral valve tissue. Because the mass caused LVOT obstruction and it could result in hemodynamic instability, emergency operation was performed. Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) was performed, and the mass had irregular margins and was pedunculated, with a stalk originating from the left ventricle (LV) wall and extending to the lateral chordae of the mitral valve. The surgeon excised the mass filled with the myxomatous mass, which was yellowish and gelatinous and had a stiff stalk, and histopathologic diagnosis confirmed a myxoma. Although mitral valve or LV myxomas are rare, TEE is a useful tool for distinguishing a myxoma from other intracardiac masses, such as vegetation or an accessory mitral valve tissue.
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              Congenital accessory mitral valve tissue anomaly in a patient with genetically confirmed hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

              Beatrice Musumeci, Paolo Spirito, Maria Isola Parodi … (2011)
              Accessory mitral valve tissue is a rare congenital cardiac anomaly that was initially described in children in association with other cardiac congenital abnormalities and, more recently, has also been reported in adults. The authors report a patient with genetically confirmed hypertrophic cardiomyopathy who also had a highly mobile, free-floating membrane-like structure in contiguity with the ventricular side of the anterior mitral valve leaflet, a feature consistent with the diagnosis of accessory mitral valve tissue.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): CASE (Phila)
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): CASE (Phila)
                Title: CASE : Cardiovascular Imaging Case Reports
                Publisher: Elsevier
                ISSN (Electronic): 2468-6441
                Publication date PMC-release: 09 July 2019
                Publication date Collection: October 2019
                Publication date (Electronic): 09 July 2019
                Volume: 3
                Issue: 5
                Pages: 200-203
                Affiliations
                [a ]Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
                [b ]Department of Anesthesiology, Cardiovascular Division, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
                [c ]Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
                [d ]Department of Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
                Article
                Publisher ID: S2468-6441(18)30106-3
                DOI: 10.1016/j.case.2019.05.007
                PMC ID: 6833125
                SO-VID: 7256570c-b1d6-471c-8fa3-beaf5bbca4a1
                Copyright © 2019 by the American Society of Echocardiography. Published by Elsevier Inc.
                License:

                This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

                History
                Categories
                Subject: Extra Tissue?

                Keywords: mitral regurgitation,accessory mitral valve tissue,anomalous chordae,congenital
                Data availability:
                Keywords: mitral regurgitation, accessory mitral valve tissue, anomalous chordae, congenital

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