The sleep-deprived human brain

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Abstract

How does sleep deprivation affect the human brain? Walker and colleagues review neuroimaging studies on the consequences of sleep deprivation on cognition and emotion — with specific focuses on attention and working memory, positive and negative emotion, and hippocampal learning — and the mechanisms underlying these effects.

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Most cited references 136

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Default network activity, coupled with the frontoparietal control network, supports goal-directed cognition.

R. Nathan Spreng, W Stevens, Jon Chamberlain … (2010)

Tasks that demand externalized attention reliably suppress default network activity while activating the dorsal attention network. These networks have an intrinsic competitive relationship; activation of one suppresses activity of the other. Consequently, many assume that default network activity is suppressed during goal-directed cognition. We challenge this assumption in an fMRI study of planning. Recent studies link default network activity with internally focused cognition, such as imagining personal future events, suggesting a role in autobiographical planning. However, it is unclear how goal-directed cognition with an internal focus is mediated by these opposing networks. A third anatomically interposed 'frontoparietal control network' might mediate planning across domains, flexibly coupling with either the default or dorsal attention network in support of internally versus externally focused goal-directed cognition, respectively. We tested this hypothesis by analyzing brain activity during autobiographical versus visuospatial planning. Autobiographical planning engaged the default network, whereas visuospatial planning engaged the dorsal attention network, consistent with the anti-correlated domains of internalized and externalized cognition. Critically, both planning tasks engaged the frontoparietal control network. Task-related activation of these three networks was anatomically consistent with independently defined resting-state functional connectivity MRI maps. Task-related functional connectivity analyses demonstrate that the default network can be involved in goal-directed cognition when its activity is coupled with the frontoparietal control network. Additionally, the frontoparietal control network may flexibly couple with the default and dorsal attention networks according to task domain, serving as a cortical mediator linking the two networks in support of goal-directed cognitive processes. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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The human emotional brain without sleep--a prefrontal amygdala disconnect.

Seung-Schik Yoo, Ninad Gujar, Peter Hu … (2007)

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Patterns of brain activity supporting autobiographical memory, prospection, and theory of mind, and their relationship to the default mode network.

R. Nathan Spreng, Cheryl Grady (2010)

The ability to rise above the present environment and reflect upon the past, the future, and the minds of others is a fundamentally defining human feature. It has been proposed that these three self-referential processes involve a highly interconnected core set of brain structures known as the default mode network (DMN). The DMN appears to be active when individuals are engaged in stimulus-independent thought. This network is a likely candidate for supporting multiple processes, but this idea has not been tested directly. We used fMRI to examine brain activity during autobiographical remembering, prospection, and theory-of-mind reasoning. Using multivariate analyses, we found a common pattern of neural activation underlying all three processes in the DMN. In addition, autobiographical remembering and prospection engaged midline DMN structures to a greater degree and theory-of-mind reasoning engaged lateral DMN areas. A functional connectivity analysis revealed that activity of a critical node in the DMN, medial prefrontal cortex, was correlated with activity in other regions in the DMN during all three tasks. We conclude that the DMN supports common aspects of these cognitive behaviors involved in simulating an internalized experience.

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Author and article information

Journal

Title: Nature Reviews Neuroscience

Abbreviated Title: Nat Rev Neurosci

Publisher: Springer Nature

ISSN (Print): 1471-003X

ISSN (Electronic): 1471-0048

Publication date Created: May 18 2017

Publication date (Print): May 18 2017

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Article

DOI: 10.1038/nrn.2017.55

PMC ID: 6143346

PubMed ID: 28515433

SO-VID: 727034fc-6e10-4c57-9f5b-3a0593edcf56

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The sleep-deprived human brain

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Abstract

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Nanoparticles to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB)

Most cited references 136

Default network activity, coupled with the frontoparietal control network, supports goal-directed cognition.

The human emotional brain without sleep--a prefrontal amygdala disconnect.

Patterns of brain activity supporting autobiographical memory, prospection, and theory of mind, and their relationship to the default mode network.

Author and article information

Journal

Article

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Comment on this article

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Cited by 338