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      Modelling the participation decision and duration of sporting activity in Scotland

      research-article
      a , b , *
      Economic Modelling
      Butterworths
      Sport, Sample selection, Participation, Duration, Copula

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          Abstract

          Motivating individuals to actively engage in physical activity due to its beneficial health effects has been an integral part of Scotland's health policy agenda. The current Scottish guidelines recommend individuals participate in physical activity of moderate vigour for 30 min at least five times per week. For an individual contemplating the recommendation, decisions have to be made in regard of participation, intensity, duration and multiplicity. For the policy maker, understanding the determinants of each decision will assist in designing an intervention to effect the recommended policy. With secondary data sourced from the 2003 Scottish Health Survey (SHeS) we statistically model the combined decisions process, employing a copula approach to model specification. In taking this approach the model flexibly accounts for any statistical associations that may exist between the component decisions. Thus, we model the endogenous relationship between the decision of individuals to participate in sporting activities and, amongst those who participate, the duration of time spent undertaking their chosen activities. The main focus is to establish whether dependence exists between the two random variables assuming the vigour with which sporting activity is performed to be independent of the participation and duration decision. We allow for a variety of controls including demographic factors such as age and gender, economic factors such as income and educational attainment, lifestyle factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, healthy eating and medical history. We use the model to compare the effect of interventions designed to increase the vigour with which individuals undertake their sport, relating it to obesity as a health outcome.

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          Most cited references26

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          Shadow Prices, Market Wages, and Labor Supply

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            Environmental and policy determinants of physical activity in the United States.

            This study examined (1) descriptive patterns in perceived environmental and policy determinants of physical activity and (2) associations between these factors and behavior. A cross-sectional study was conducted from 1999 to 2000 among US adults; individuals at lower income levels were oversampled. Availability of areas for physical activity was generally higher among men than among women. The 4 most commonly reported personal barriers were lack of time, feeling too tired, obtaining enough exercise at one's job, and no motivation to exercise. Neighborhood characteristics, including the presence of sidewalks, enjoyable scenery, heavy traffic, and hills, were positively associated with physical activity. There was a high level of support for health policy-related measures. Up to one third of individuals who had used environmental supports reported an increase in physical activity. An array of environmental and policy determinants, particularly those related to the physical environment, are associated with physical activity and should be taken into account in the design of interventions.
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              An economic framework for understanding physical activity and eating behaviors.

              This paper offers an economic framework of human behavior with respect to physical activity and nutrition. Economics offers useful insights into these behaviors because it is the study of how people allocate their scarce resources of time and money to maximize their lifetime happiness. This paper outlines the criteria for policy interventions from an economic perspective and also considers arguments for policy intervention that are not based on economic considerations. The implications of the economic framework are summarized and its limitations are described.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Econ Model
                Econ Model
                Economic Modelling
                Butterworths
                0264-9993
                July 2010
                July 2010
                : 27
                : 4
                : 822-834
                Affiliations
                [a ]Health Economics Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK
                [b ]Health Economics Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author. murray.smith@ 123456abdn.ac.uk
                Article
                ECMODE1802
                10.1016/j.econmod.2009.10.003
                2890861
                20640033
                729c9c1f-2683-4c34-8354-dc31ccc4b274
                © 2010 Elsevier B.V.

                This document may be redistributed and reused, subject to certain conditions.

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                Categories
                Article

                Economics
                sample selection,participation,duration,sport,copula
                Economics
                sample selection, participation, duration, sport, copula

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