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      Automatização em nutrição parentérica: controlo de qualidade antes e após a sua implementação Translated title: Automation in parenteral nutrition: quality control of the process before and after it`s implementation

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          Abstract

          RESUMO A nutrição parentérica (NP) desempenha um papel vital em doentes críticos, sendo muitas vezes necessária a sua preparação personalizada, ajustada às necessidades de doentes com carências específicas. A manipulação de NP poderá ser realizada de forma manual ou automatizada, requerendo sempre condições asséticas e pessoal treinado. A implementação de um sistema automatizado requer uma análise cuidada da sua necessidade/justificação, de forma a que, baseado em fundamentação adequada, se estruture um plano exequível. A monitorização do desempenho do sistema automatizado é um processo fundamental de validação farmacêutica. Nos Serviços Farmacêuticos (SF) do Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de São João (CHUSJ), elaborou-se um estudo de controlo de qualidade gravimétrico antes e após implementação do sistema automatizado, no sentido de monitorizar a precisão dos resultados obtidos para este ensaio de verificação. Como resultados estatísticos, o método de enchimento automatizado relacionou-se com a menor média para o desvio ao peso teórico, assim como menor desvio padrão, corroborando uma menor percentagem de erro e também uma menor dispersão dos resultados. Da análise dos resultados obtidos concluiu-se que a implementação da automatização se traduziu em melhorias a nível de precisão de resultados para o controlo gravimétrico das bolsas nutritivas, aumentando a segurança das misturas produzidas e, consequentemente, a qualidade dos cuidados prestados ao doente. É de elevada importância que se implementem procedimentos de validação do desempenho do sistema automatizado, como foi o caso, sendo que deverão ser complementados com outro tipo de avaliações, preferencialmente realizadas por entidades externas à instituição em causa.

          Translated abstract

          SUMMARY Parenteral nutrition (PN) plays a vital role in critically ill patients and custom preparation is often necessary, adjusted to the needs of patients with specific needs. Compounding PN handling can be performed manually or automated, always requiring aseptic conditions and trained personnel. The implementation of an automated system requires a careful analysis of its need/ justification, so that, based on adequate rationale, a feasible execution plan may be structured. Monitoring the performance of the automated system is a key process which requires of pharmaceutical validation. In the Pharmaceutical Service of the Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de São João (CHUSJ), a study of gravimetric quality control was carried out before and after the implementation of the automated system, in order to monitor the accuracy of the results obtained for this verification test. As statistical results, the automated filling method was related to the lower average for the deviation to the theoretical weight, as well as lower standard deviation, corroborating a lower percentage of error but also a smaller dispersion of the results with this method. From the analysis of the results obtained, it was concluded that the implementation of automation resulted in improvements in the accuracy of results for the gravimetric control of nutritional bags, increasing the safety of the mixtures produced and, consequently, the quality of care provided to the patient. It is of highly importance that procedures for validating the performance of the automated system are implemented, as was the case, and these should be complemented by other types of evaluations, preferably performed by external entities to the institution in question.

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          Use of a systematic risk analysis method to improve safety in the production of paediatric parenteral nutrition solutions.

          Until recently, the preparation of paediatric parenteral nutrition formulations in our institution included re-transcription and manual compounding of the mixture. Although no significant clinical problems have occurred, re-engineering of this high risk activity was undertaken to improve its safety. Several changes have been implemented including new prescription software, direct recording on a server, automatic printing of the labels, and creation of a file used to pilot a BAXA MM 12 automatic compounder. The objectives of this study were to compare the risks associated with the old and new processes, to quantify the improved safety with the new process, and to identify the major residual risks. A failure modes, effects, and criticality analysis (FMECA) was performed by a multidisciplinary team. A cause-effect diagram was built, the failure modes were defined, and the criticality index (CI) was determined for each of them on the basis of the likelihood of occurrence, the severity of the potential effect, and the detection probability. The CIs for each failure mode were compared for the old and new processes and the risk reduction was quantified. The sum of the CIs of all 18 identified failure modes was 3415 for the old process and 1397 for the new (reduction of 59%). The new process reduced the CIs of the different failure modes by a mean factor of 7. The CI was smaller with the new process for 15 failure modes, unchanged for two, and slightly increased for one. The greatest reduction (by a factor of 36) concerned re-transcription errors, followed by readability problems (by a factor of 30) and chemical cross contamination (by a factor of 10). The most critical steps in the new process were labelling mistakes (CI 315, maximum 810), failure to detect a dosage or product mistake (CI 288), failure to detect a typing error during the prescription (CI 175), and microbial contamination (CI 126). Modification of the process resulted in a significant risk reduction as shown by risk analysis. Residual failure opportunities were also quantified, allowing additional actions to be taken to reduce the risk of labelling mistakes. This study illustrates the usefulness of prospective risk analysis methods in healthcare processes. More systematic use of risk analysis is needed to guide continuous safety improvement of high risk activities.
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            ASHP Guidelines on the Safe Use of Automated Compounding Devices for the Preparation of Parenteral Nutrition Admixtures

            (2000)
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              Automatización de la elaboración de nutrición parenteral: adecuación a la legislación actual

              Introducción: Los criterios de calidad y eficiencia de las prestaciones asociadas a los procedimientos tecnológicos se está desarrollando en un entorno de exigencia de calidad,y a raíz de ello se ha desarrollado el RD 175/2001 por el que se regulan las normas de correcta elaboración y control de calidad de fórmulas magistrales y preparados oficinales.La nutrición parenteral (NP) es una fórmula magistral y como tal su elaboración y control se deben ajustar a la normativa vigente.Con esta finalidad, en el Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge hemos desarrollado un proyecto de automatización de la elaboración de mezclas de NP con la Bomba Micro-Macro® 23 Baxa Compounder . Objetivos: Evaluar el impacto de la implantación de un sistema automatizado de control volumétrico en la elaboración de NP. Material y métodos: El desarrollo del proyecto se puede dividir en dos aspectos diferenciados. El primero, consistió en la implantación y optimización del SACV (sistema automatizado de control volumétrico).Un segundo aspecto abarca el control comparativo realizado entre el nuevo sistema y el anterior que consistía en un sistema gravimétrico de control visual. Para ello se recogieron los pesos reales y se calcularon los pesos teóricos y se recogió el tiempo de elaboración por bolsa de preparaciones realizadas antes y en 2 periodos después de la implantación del sistema automatizado; un primer periodo justo tras la implantación del sistema automatizado y otro al año. Resultados Para el estudio comparativo entre los 2 sistemas utilizados se analizaron un total de 141 preparaciones correspondientes a NP individualizadas: 47 elaboradas con el sistema gravimétrico (SG), 47 con el SACV en el peutiliriodo de implantación (NP SACV periodo 1) y 47 NP realizada con el SACV al año de su implantación (NP SACV periodo 2).La media de variación del peso real respecto al teórico en los tres periodos (pre-SACV, NP SACV periodo 1, NP SACV periodo 2) fue de 2,41%, 1,35% y 1,25% respectivamente (tabla I). Esta disminución fue significativa (p=0,014). Al analizar el porcentaje de preparaciones fuera del límite de variación del 3% se observó una reducción significativa (p=0,00001) al comparar los 3 periodos (tabla II). El tiempo medio de elaboración con el SACV aumentó aproximadamente 4 minutos por bolsa (3min58s) en el primer periodo estudiado y 3min10s al comparar las NP elaboradas con el SACV durante el segundo periodo de estudio con el SG. Conclusiones: El nuevo sistema de llenado de bolsas mediante control volumétrico supone un aumento en el control de la exactitud y una disminución del riesgo de superar los límites considerados aceptables. La puesta en marcha de un proceso tecnológico es una tarea difícil que implica el cambio en muchos aspectos de la actividad diaria y que hace necesario un cambio "cultural" en la Unidad de NP con el fin de optimizar todo el proceso. Sin embargo, estos aspectos permiten una adecuación a los requisitos legales existentes en cuanto a normas de correcta elaboración y control de calidad de fórmulas magistrales así como una mejora en la calidad asistencial integral.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ofil
                Revista de la OFIL
                Rev. OFIL·ILAPHAR
                Organización de Farmacéuticos Ibero-Latinoamericanos (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1131-9429
                1699-714X
                2021
                : 31
                : 1
                : 24-27
                Affiliations
                [1] Porto orgnameCentro Hospitalar e Universitário de São João orgdiv1Serviços Farmacêuticos Portugal
                Article
                S1699-714X2021000100006 S1699-714X(21)03100100006
                10.4321/s1699-714x2021000100006
                72df2def-b448-48d7-9894-7213a1b416f8

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 25 November 2019
                : 09 August 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 10, Pages: 4
                Product

                SciELO Spain


                Automatização,gravimetric control,quality assurance,parenteral nutrition,monitorization,automation,Compounding,controlo gravimétrico,controlo de qualidade,nutrição parentérica,monitorização

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