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      Phytotoxin produced by Bipolaris euphorbiae in-vitro is effective against the weed Euphorbia heterophylla

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          Abstract

          Four virulent strain isolates of the fungus, Bipolaris euphorbiae (previously identified as a Helminthosporium sp.), isolated from host plants in four states within Brazil were screened for the production of phytotoxins that promoted wilting and defoliation of the Brazilian weed, Euphorbia heterophylla, commonly found growing among soyabean crops. Only one isolate, B. euphorbiae Strain I (EUPH petropar from Mato Grosso state), produced phytotoxin in-vitro when grown in stationary culture for 7 d at 28 ° C on minimum salts medium supplemented with 1.5 % glucose as the sole carbon source. Phytotoxin was also produced when the fungal strain was grown on fructose, galactose, mannose, xylose and sucrose. The addition of nitrogen source (yeast extract, peptone or malt extract) to the culture medium did not influence phytotoxin production. The phytotoxin produced by Strain I was most active at pH 6.0, stable between pH 3-9, and was highly thermostable, remaining fully active when heated at 90 ° C for 1 h.

          Translated abstract

          Quatro linhagens virulentas do fungo Bipolaris euphorbiae (previamente identificado como Helminthosporium sp.), isoladas de Euphorbia heterophylla de quatro estados do Brasil, foram estudadas quanto a produção de fitotoxina, que promove murcha e desfolha da referida erva daninha brasileira, popularmente denominada leiteiro e comumente encontrada nas culturas de soja. O isolado Bipolaris euphorbiae linhagem I (EUPH petropar do estado de Mato Grosso), produziu fitotoxina in-vitro quando cultivada sob condição estática, durante 7 dias, a 28 °C em meio mínimo suplementado com glucose 1,5 %, como fonte única de carbono. A fitotoxina foi também produzida quando o isolado foi cultivado em frutose, galactose, manose, xilose e sacarose. A adição de fonte de nitrogênio (extrato de levedura, peptona e extrato de malte) ao meio de cultivo não influenciou a produção da mesma. A fitotoxina produzida pela linhagem I apresentou maior atividade em pH 6,0 , permaneceu estável na faixa de pH entre 3 e 9 e demonstrou elevada termoestabilidade, mantendo-se ativa após ter sido aquecida durante uma hora a 90 °C.

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          Determination of protein: a modification of the Lowry method that gives a linear photometric response.

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            A NEW REAGENT FOR THE DETERMINATION OF SUGARS

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              A photometric adaptation of the Somogyi method to determination of glucose

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                babt
                Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology
                Braz. arch. biol. technol.
                Instituto de Tecnologia do Paraná - Tecpar (Curitiba )
                1678-4324
                June 2002
                : 45
                : 2
                : 233-240
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Estadual de Londrina Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade Estadual de Maringá Brazil
                [3 ] Universidade Estadual de Londrina Brazil
                [4 ] Universidade Estadual de Londrina Brazil
                Article
                S1516-89132002000200016
                10.1590/S1516-89132002000200016
                72f6cd1c-0097-472c-9bc3-00a725a6647d

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1516-8913&lng=en
                Categories
                BIOLOGY

                General life sciences
                Bipolaris euphorbiae,Euphorbia heterophylla,phytotoxin production,phytotoxin stability

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